殖民扩张

Britain's colonial expansion and the Recent History of the world geo-political evolution have a great impact.

英国的殖民扩张对世界近代历史和地理政治的演变均有极大影响。

Robinson Crusoe is an embodiment of the spirit of individual enterprise and colonial expansion of the rising bourgeoisie .

鲁宾逊克鲁索是个人计划和正在上升的资产阶级的殖民扩张的代表。

The first chapter analyses the development of colonial thoughts of England in the formation of the nation-state and their promoting effect on the colonial expansion abroad.

第一章分析了民族国家形成时期英国殖民思想的发展及其对海外殖民扩张运动的重要推动作用。

However, it has arose in the colonial expansion age, so it took on strong colouring of the colonial expansion. We cant merely regard it as general religious activities. It is a kind of spiritual colonial expansion.

然而，它发生在殖民主义扩张的时代背景下，因而染上了浓重的殖民主义扩张色彩，不能将其单纯地看成一般的宗教活动，而是一种精神上的殖民扩张。

Primitive accumulation period of British colonial expansion during this period of colonial expansion, began in the 16th century until the late 18th century in the rise of the industrial revolution.

原始积累时期的殖民扩张英国在这一时期的殖民扩张，始于16世纪迄于18世纪后期工业革命的兴起。

Egoism and exclusionism of the English nation-state drives the English protest all the other powers that bind and restrict and threaten it. The English regards the activities of their colonial expansion abroad as a right, by which they might settle in some other abroad places unoccupied by other countries like Spain and Portugal etc. Beating the Spanish not only raises the English national confidence, but also clears the biggest obstacle hindering the English to expand their power abroad, and prepares favorable conditions for the construction and development of the British Empire in the Dynasty of the Stuart.

民族国家的利己性和排他性，驱使英国人反对包括罗马教皇、西班牙人、葡萄牙人、汉萨人等在内的外国势力对英格兰民族国家的束缚、限制与威胁；英国人把海外殖民扩张视为实现英格兰民族平等发展的神圣权利，他们在反对外国人的斗争中逐渐增强了民族意识和民族精神；打败西班牙人不但提高了英格兰民族的自信心，而且扫除了他们通向海外殖民扩张道路上的最大障碍，为斯图亚特王朝时期英国海外殖民贸易帝国的建立和发展准备了有利条件。

In the'conclusions', this dissertation emphasizes on the characteristics of the English abroad colonial expansion in the period of the formation of the nation-state. The further conclusions of the paper are as the following. The national spirit transfers to a strong force of promoting the English to go and expand abroad. Their aims are to deny the supreme popish authority, and to challenge the monopoly privilege of Spain and Portugal in the course of the abroad colonial expansion. They intend to break up the old system, of which the universalism of the'Christendom'is the foundation, and to strive for the English right of independence, liberty, and equality in the world.

在"结语"部分，本文着重分析了民族国家形成时期英国海外殖民扩张的若干特点，指出民族主义精神已经转变成一种推动英国人海外殖民扩张向前发展的强大力量，他们的目的就是要否认中世纪以来所谓至尊不二的教皇权威，挑战葡萄牙和西班牙两国在海外殖民扩张中独享的垄断地位，打破以"基督教大世界"普世主义原则为基础的旧世界体系，争取英格兰民族国家在国际舞台中应当享有的独立、自由和平等的政治地位。

According to the comparison of the vassalage formed during the history between China and Vietnam , and the system of western colonial expansion as well as the research on the history that France invaded Vietnam , we can see that Vietnam issue and the Sino French War is the result of French land settlement policy in Far East , which aimed at occupying Vietnam and trying to invade China .

对中越历史形成的"宗藩关系"与西方殖民扩张体系的内容和实质性比较及对法国侵略越南的历史之考察说明，越南问题和中法战争的发生，是在国际资本主义开始向帝国主义阶段过渡，加紧分割世界领土，侵略中国近邻藩属并进而图谋瓜分中国的严重形势下，法国加紧推行以据越侵华为核心的远东殖民政策的结果。

Ireland was the one of the most objects and an " oldest colony " of early modern British colonial expansion. For British, Ireland was a internal conoy, and a big " laboratory " and a main labor exporter for overseas colony. The conquest and colony in Ireland exercised a great influence on British social development and the rising of British Empire.

但在对这种殖民扩张的维度和广度的认识与评估上，人们则过多的集中于英国在大西洋及其彼岸美洲大陆的海外殖民活动，而对其在近在咫尺的爱尔兰岛所进行殖民扩张未予以足够的重视，更未将这

In the'conclusions', this dissertation emphasizes on the characteristics of the English abroad colonial expansion in the period of the formation of the nation-state. The further conclusions of the paper are as the following. The national spirit transfers to a strong force of promoting the English to go and expand abroad. Their aims are to deny the supreme popish authority, and to challenge the monopoly privilege of Spain and Portugal in the course of the abroad colonial expansion. They intend to break up the old system, of which the universalism of the'Christendom'is the foundation, and to strive for the English right of independence, liberty, and equality in the world.

在&结语&部分，本文着重分析了民族国家形成时期英国海外殖民扩张的若干特点，指出民族主义精神已经转变成一种推动英国人海外殖民扩张向前发展的强大力量，他们的目的就是要否认中世纪以来所谓至尊不二的教皇权威，挑战葡萄牙和西班牙两国在海外殖民扩张中独享的垄断地位，打破以&基督教大世界&普世主义原则为基础的旧世界体系，争取英格兰民族国家在国际舞台中应当享有的独立、自由和平等的政治地位。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷