殖民地的

The general route of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway is as follows:- Leaving Bombay, it passes through Salcette, crossing to the continent opposite Tannah, goes over the chain of the Western Ghauts, runs thence north-east as far as Burhampoor, skirts the nearly independent territory of Bundelcund, ascends to Allahabad, turns thence eastwardly, meeting the Ganges at Benares, then departs from the river a little, and, descending south-eastward by Burdivan and the French town of Chandernagor, has its terminus at Calcutta.

这儿，概括地介绍一下大印度半岛铁路沿线的重点站。火车离开孟买岛穿过萨尔赛特岛，进入位于塔那前面的大陆腹地，穿过西高止山脉向东北直达布尔汉普尔，再穿过差不多可以算是独立的本德尔汗德上邦的领地，北上到阿拉哈巴德，再向东进，在贝拿勒斯与恒河相遇，然后离开恒河不远向东南下行经过布德万和法属殖民地昌德纳戈尔直奔终点站加尔各答。

There are 13 categories causes of wars in early modern Europe, among which the issues about territory and the issues about hegemony/conquest are the most important causes, the less important causes are the issues about religion, political power, nation, commerce/navigation, dispute of colony, oppress of class, survival of regime, security/equipollence, inherit of throne, honor/prestige, plunder of wealthy, and so on.

在此基础上，通过对 94次战争的原因所进行的统计揭示了如下事实：在近代早期的欧洲，最重要的战争原因是领土问题和霸权/征服问题，接下来依次是宗教、争夺权力、民族、商业/航海、争夺殖民地、阶级压迫、政权自主生存、安全/均势、王位继承、荣誉/威望、抢劫财富等问题

Before the news reached their ears that their treasure was worthless "fool's gold," disease, starvation, and misadventure had taken a heavy toll: 67 of the original 105 Jamestown settlers died in the first year.

结果，还未等听到他们的财宝不过是些不值钱的"假金子"的坏消息，饥饿、疾病、灾难就使一大批人命丧黄泉。詹姆斯顿殖民地最早的105个拓居者在第一年里竟死去了67人。

The most powerful victims of war or faction from the rest of Hellas took refuge with the Athenians as a safe retreat; and at an early period, becoming naturalized, swelled the already large population of the city to such a height that Attica became at last too small to hold them, and they had to send out colonies to Ionia.

从其他希腊世界来的，最有势力的在战争中或在派系斗争中的失败者，安全撤退到雅典以求避难；而且在早先过去一个时期，成为移民，使早这座城市业已巨大的人口更加膨胀，以至于Attica最终太小而不足以容纳他们，他们不得不到Ionia建立殖民地。

The Spanish Campaign and was the capital of Lusitania.

今天位于埃斯特雷马杜拉的梅里达是于公元前25年，西班牙战役结束后建立的，当时是罗马皇帝奥古斯都的殖民地，也是卢西塔尼亚的首都。

The insurrection of Mamore," he said "that nasty business at New Constantinople, actions in the Bonanza asteroid belt and the Far-gone colony platforms, and half a dozen other engagements—this reads like the campaign record of a cracking good battalion, not a company of three hundred.

马莫星暴动，"他说。"新君士坦丁堡的危险交易，富矿小行星带的战斗和殖民地平台远程奔袭，还有半打别的交战——这些象最强大最好的军团战役报告，不象一个只有300人的连。

Was a man of unyielding integrity, free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness;this quality is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial peoples.

鲁迅的骨头是最硬的，他没有丝毫的奴颜和媚骨，这是殖民地半殖民地人民最可宝贵的性格。

This research tried to construct the develop track of urban writing of Taiwan new literature from 20's to 30's. On the basis, I resurveyed the previous research on history of Taiwan literature during Japanese period, which is revolved around the traditional countryside and the pauperism. Furthermore, this thesis would reflect the contemporary discourse on colonial modernity under the grand narrative of national perspective, de-colonization, and resistance spirit.

中文摘要本研究试图建构出二、三○年代台湾新文学都市书写的发展脉络；并藉著都市书写的发展脉络重新审视既有以农村、贫民为中心的日治时期台湾文学论述，进而反思当代研究者在国族命运、反殖民、抵抗精神等「大叙述」中过分偏重「殖民性」、现代性反而遭到虚位化、扁平化的「殖民地现代性论述」。

On the basis, I resurveyed the previous research on history of Taiwan literature during Japanese period, which is revolved around the traditional countryside and the pauperism. Furthermore, this thesis would reflect the contemporary discourse on colonial modernity under the grand narrative of national perspective, de-colonization, and resistance spirit.

本研究试图建构出二、三○年代台湾新文学都市书写的发展脉络；并藉著都市书写的发展脉络重新审视既有以农村、贫民为中心的日治时期台湾文学论述，进而反思当代研究者在国族命运、反殖民、抵抗精神等「大叙述」中过分偏重「殖民性」、现代性反而遭到虚位化、扁平化的「殖民地现代性论述」。

A common accusation levelled against Chinese labourers brought to various British colonies at the end of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century was that they were undesirable because of their penchant for pederasty.

十九世纪末到二十世纪初，英国的各个殖民地共同出现了一种针对中国劳工的控诉：指责他们是一些惹人讨厌的人，因为他们有鸡奸的嗜好。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。