残差和

Probability: Studies on the emerged accident probability of major hazard carrying the Markow process; Severity: By applying the grey system theory , on the base of the same kinds of accident-economy cost, establishes self-adapting GM (1,1) forecasting model and the model with the residual error being amended in a bid to calculate accident-economy cost; Safety management: Establishes the dynamic comprehensive analytical method on major hazard and safety management of the major hazard by applying the grey system theory and fuzzy math theory.

其次，针对重大危险源原有的二维评价方法所存在的局限性，建立了以可能性、严重性、安全管理水平为三维矢量的评价方法，并对这三个矢量进行了定量计算：可能性：运用马尔可夫过程计算了重大危险源发生事故的概率；严重性：运用灰色系统理论，根据已有的同类事故经济损失的统计资料，建立自适应性GM(1，1)模型及残差修正的模型，预测重大危险源发生事故的经济损失；安全管理水平：运用模糊数学理论和灰色系统理论，建立了重大危险源安全管理水平动态综合分析法。

The uniform bounded stable condition of the residual and its to nonlinear perturbations are proved by using Lyapunov function and uniform bounded lemma.

并利用Lyapunov函数和一致有界引理证明了故障检测残差信号的一致有界稳定条件和对非线性扰动的鲁棒性。

Furthermore, how to apply the model efficiently in practice is deeply discussed. As the variance produced by the forecasting model as concerned, the real-time revised method of hydrological forecasting is highlighted. Next arranged, the multi-stratum recursive prediction model is put forward to forecast the error series that is a dynamic system. Later, an error selfregressive multi-stratum recursive prediction model is set up as well as a current algorithm offered. Finally, the difference collated model and the gloss control method, which are devoted to updating the mid-long term hydrological forecasting during the meditate period, are put forward.

在综合评述中长期水文预报现有方法和模型的基础上，采用时间序列分析方法，建立中长期水文预报的时间序列组合模型，并对模型如何在实际中有效应用作了较为深入的探讨；针对模型预报所产生的误差，又重点研究了水文预报实时修正方法：提出了采用多层递阶预报方法对误差序列这一动态系统进行预报，建立了误差自回归多层递阶预报模型，并提出了较为通用的解算方法；给出了水文中长期预报中期修正的残差相关模型和总量控制方法。

Optimal design of the incidence matrix for structured residual approach with maximized sensitivity is discussed in this paper, in order to overcome the shortcoming of SRAMS that ignores the speed and sensitivity of fault diagnosis while considering the isolability of fault codes in the incidence matrix design.

针对基于具有最大敏感性结构化残差的传感器故障检测与诊断方法在设计影响矩阵时只考虑故障编码的可分离性，而没有考虑故障诊断的快速性和灵敏性的缺点，给出了故障敏感度和故障诊断灵敏度等指标，并提出了两种影响矩阵的优化设计算法。

Iv Case studies with model of a Shell tower is made to test the method of model predictive control performance assessment. It illustrates that the Cumulative Sum chart of residual can monitor the model predictive control performance online effectively. Historical and design performance index can distinguish the type of root cause correctly.

4利用Shell塔模型对模型预测控制性能评价的方法进行了仿真研究，通过仿真表明，残差的累积和控制图可以有效地在线监视模型预测控制系统的性能，历史性能和设计性能指标相结合的方法可以准确地识别出原因类型。

The following conclusions have been reached, milk has an obvious absorption in the mid-infrared band, and the locations of the absorption peak are consistent with the attributes of molecule functional group analysis and the information from FOSS Company; the effects of the factors on the repeatability are below 3‰; For the quantitative analysis, the method of factorial design is applied to optimize the calibration set. The outliers are determined considering the residual variance distribution. The correlations are 0.990 and 0.986 for fat and protein, respectively. The Root Mean of Square Error of Prediction is 0.121 and 0.111 for fat and protein, respectively. With the application of the methods of wavelengths selection, the numbers of wavelength is decreased greatly from 3301 to 100. The speed is accelerated and the accuracy of the calibration is improved to some extent.

结果表明：牛奶在中红外的吸收特性明显，吸收峰的位置与分子结构的谱带归属以及乳品分析仪器的成功厂商FOSS公司提供的资料基本一致；各种因素对光谱测量影响的CV值基本可以控制在3‰以下；在定量检测中，通过析因设计方法优选校正集样品，结合样品的残差图确定奇异点，脂肪模型和蛋白模型的相关系数分别为0.990和0.986，预测均方根误差分别为0.121和0.111，而在采用波长选择对模型进行优化后，波长从3301个减为100个以内，加快了运算的速度，同时还在一定程度上提高了模型的精度。

The detection methodology is based on a robust post-filter and an adaptive threshold logic, which are used to enhance the robustness and sensitivity of the detection system.

该方法是基于观测器产生检测残差，通过鲁棒后置滤波器和自适应阈值逻辑来提高故障检测系统的鲁棒性和敏感性的。

Firstly,we particularly explained the algorithmic of themusic recognition.Then,we made a study of the music characteristic and the musicrecognition methods.As for the burrs of the music signal,we put forward a curveplastic method to eliminate the burrs.Considering the difficulties of detecting thepoint of the music speech,we made use of the multi-frequency energy curve to detectthe end-point of the music signal with the crossing zeros rate.As for thedisadvantages of the large operation and influence of the formant,we improved theAMDF theory with the linear prediction algorithmic to detect the error.In order toobtain the characteristic parameter of the music signal,wo calculate the MFCCparameter to obtain the template and the pending signal characteristic parameter.Inorder to improve the rate of the recognition,considering the disadvantages of theDTW algorithmic,we find a new method to improved the DTW algorithmic bybroadening the point of the music signal and made simulation experimentation;As forthe disadvantages of the contraposition grade to the pitch,cadent and sing name,wefind a method to dynaic adjust the results of the recognition to improve the accuracyof the grade.

详细阐述了嵌入式音乐识别算法的详细设计与实现，研究了音乐语言的特点和音乐识别的侧重点，并阐述了基于音乐信号特色的语音处理及识别方法；针对音乐信号中的毛刺干扰，提出了曲线整形的思想，消除了音乐信号中的毛刺；针对音乐信号端点检测困难的特点，利用多频段能量曲线分割结合过零率来实现端点准确检测；针对音高提取运算量大且容易受共振峰影响的特点，利用线性预测残差的方法对传统的AMDF算法进行了改进并提取出了音高，在实际实现时，优化了AMDF算法，减少了计算量；为了得到较好的特征参数，通过求取梅尔频标倒谱系数的方法，分别提取了模板信号特征参数和待测信号特征参数；为了提高识别率，针对传统DTW算法的缺陷，采用了放宽端点和声刺激法改进了传统的DTW算法的性能并进行了仿真试验，使音乐识别率得到明显提高；在音高、节奏评分时，针对对位评分的缺点，采取了动态调整的方法提高了评分的准确度。

In addressing the heterogeneity factor, this paper will use Logistic regression, the Beta-binomial model the Williams method arid GLMM to analyze the secondary data collected at the incidence of Downy mildew on grapes and Phomopsis leaf blight on strawberrys. Also, there will he a thorough discussion on the advantages and disadvantages among the different model approaches according to -2 Res Log Likelihood, AIC, BIC and residual plots.

本研究旨在探讨病害发生率的研究中，以层次取样法进行抽样，并以实际资料葡萄露菌病和草莓叶枯病的病害发生率为例，藉由计算离势参数、-2 Res Log Likelihood、AIC、BIC和绘制残差图，比较逻辑斯回归、贝他－二项模式、威廉斯模式与广义线性混合模式四种模式对资料进行配适情形，来探讨这些方法克服过度离势的能力并比较其优劣。

By means of the quantitative theory I,the relationships between environmental theory 1,the relationships between environmentalfactors and the density chang during self-thining of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation were set up,and themain environmental factors affectes on self-thinning significantly,which are altitude,situation of slope andmean diameter at breast height,were gained.

提出森林自疏过程中密度随时间变化的调节模型、提出并阐述应用于森林自疏规律研究的基于改进单纯形法的网络模型的基本原理和算法，两方法经山杨林、云南松林的自疏过程密度随时间变化资料进行验证，证明两方法更合理且适用性更强，进而将其应用于杉木林自然稀疏规律模拟，模拟残差平方和仅为前人模型的92.8％和56.1％，效果较理想。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。