残值

Based on a simple and applicable method for sensitivity analysis, the updating parameters were determined such as material, cross shape and size of the main loading rods in the rig derrick. The optimal updating function was established according to the residual differential value between testing modal parameter and theoretical modal parameter.

依据简单实用原理，利用灵敏度分析方法确定了井架结构主要承载杆件的材料、截面形状和几何尺寸为待修正参数；以试验模态参数和理论模态参数之间的残差最小值构建优化修正函数，利用一阶搜索优化算法对待修正参数进行了优化和状态评估。

The geniality ablutions the dirty mark on the hair with chemistry, equilibrium skin of head PH value, solve thoroughly the oil fuck the holds out for long time the equilibrium olein secretion, Ream hair instauration soft brightness.

温和洗净头发上的污垢和化学残渍，平衡头皮PH值，彻底解决油性干忧持久平衡油脂分泌，令头发恢复柔软光泽。

Secondly, point out that meshless method is different from finite element method in handling boundary condition and numerical integral because the approximation function of meshless method is not inserted function, it have itself special methods. Deduces meshless Galerkin essential equation of parabolic partial differential equation with the method ofweighted residuals------Galerkin. Furthermore, discusses the main factors which may effectthe calculation precision and give some suggestion with which can get the best result.

其次，由于无网格法的近似函数不是插值函数，所以无网格Galerkin法在处理边界条件和对区域积分时是不同于有限元的，它有其独特的处理方法，从加权残量法——Galerkin出发，推导出抛物型偏微分方程无网格Galerkin法的基本方程，并对影响无网格Galerkin法的主要因素进行探讨，给出了取得最佳效果的相应建议。

Neighboring pels are chosen to adaptively estimate predict-coefficient which remove most spatial and spectral redundancy,and then JPEG-LS is used to remove spectral redundancy.

用与待预测像素有较强相关性的相邻像素自适应地估计预测系数的值。消除了大部分的谱间冗余和空间冗余后，再用JPEG-LS进一步去除残差图像的空间冗余。

On the basis of common GM(1,1) model and by means of establishing residual error periodic extensional model, the authors extract predominant period and reconstruct a new data sequence; then after superposing the values of the same time in different period, a ray-periodic extensional combinatorial model is built.

提出了灰色–周期外延组合模型，即在一般灰色模型GM(1，1)的基础上建立残差周期外延模型，并提取优势周期以重新构造新的数据序列，再将不同周期同一时刻的值叠加。

The following conclusions have been reached, milk has an obvious absorption in the mid-infrared band, and the locations of the absorption peak are consistent with the attributes of molecule functional group analysis and the information from FOSS Company; the effects of the factors on the repeatability are below 3‰; For the quantitative analysis, the method of factorial design is applied to optimize the calibration set. The outliers are determined considering the residual variance distribution. The correlations are 0.990 and 0.986 for fat and protein, respectively. The Root Mean of Square Error of Prediction is 0.121 and 0.111 for fat and protein, respectively. With the application of the methods of wavelengths selection, the numbers of wavelength is decreased greatly from 3301 to 100. The speed is accelerated and the accuracy of the calibration is improved to some extent.

结果表明：牛奶在中红外的吸收特性明显，吸收峰的位置与分子结构的谱带归属以及乳品分析仪器的成功厂商FOSS公司提供的资料基本一致；各种因素对光谱测量影响的CV值基本可以控制在3‰以下；在定量检测中，通过析因设计方法优选校正集样品，结合样品的残差图确定奇异点，脂肪模型和蛋白模型的相关系数分别为0.990和0.986，预测均方根误差分别为0.121和0.111，而在采用波长选择对模型进行优化后，波长从3301个减为100个以内，加快了运算的速度，同时还在一定程度上提高了模型的精度。

This new algorithm can derive a rheological parameter estimation that shows superior statistic features of fitting residual error unbiasedness and least variance.

该算法不需要人工给定迭代初始值，迭代过程稳定收敛到最小点，不会陷入极小点陷阱，收敛速度很快，所得到的流变参数估计具有拟合残差无偏性和方差最小的优良统计特征。

The measurement system error model analysis is introduced into power system real time network state analysis as an important part for the first time, which can improve on the state estimation quality and provide the capability to monitor the operation of the measurement system; 2. The theory and algorithm of the on-line estimation and update of measurement noise variance based on the relation between the residual variance and noise variance. The statistic properties of the sample variance are discussed and the relation between the estimation precision and sample size under given confidence level is derived; 3. The theory and algorithm of detection and identification of measurement bias are presented, which is based on the relation between residual mean and noise mean. The statistic properties of sample mean are discussed and the relation between estimation precision and sample size is derived; 4. The Givens orthogonal transformation algorithm is selected to be the essential algorithm of state estimation, the fast orthogonal transformation algorithm with damp factor and the algorithm which can handle the zero injection measurements efficiently are presented; 5. The quantity analysis theory of bad data detectivity and identifibility are presented, which describes the relation between the elements in matrix W〓 and bad data amplitude and can provide the theory base for measurement system design and valuation.

一、首次将量测系统误差模型分析做为一个环节引入电力系统实时网络状态分析中，为EMS系统增加了实时监视系统运行、修正量测系统误差模型的新功能，进一步发挥了实时网络状态分析应用软件的潜力；二、首次提出了应用样本方差在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的基本理论，讨论了样本方差的统计性质和概率分布，推导出了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的关系，给出了在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的算法；三、首次提出了应用样本均值在线检测与辨识量测偏差的基本理论，讨论了样本均值的统计性质，推导了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的基本关系，给出了在线检测与辨识量测偏差的算法；四、在状态估计算法设计中，以Givens变换算法做为基本算法，提出了快速正交变换阻尼因子法和可以有效地处理零注入量测的混合法，并对实时应用中的一些问题进行了讨论；五、提出了不良数据可检测性与可辨识性的定量分析理论，揭示了描述量测系统配置、网络结构与参数的残差灵敏度矩阵中的元素与不良数据的幅值在可检测、可辨识能力上的定量关系，为量测系统配置设计与评价提供了理论基础；六、综合国内外最新研究成果，采用自适应自回归预测技术和稀疏矢量技术，构造了较完善的不良数据检测与辨识算法。

That is, to examine the residuals for the individual observations.

也就是，检验个体观测值的残差。

We have used the fact that the fitted value and residuals are uncorrelated in the sample.

该证明中我们使用了一个事实，即样本中因变量的拟合值和残差不相关。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。