死刑

In 1764, Cesare Beccaria, a famous Italian jurisprudent, first definitely put forward the proposition of abolishing and restricting the application of execution, and from then on, the argument about the keeping and abolishing of execution has continued, but the problem of execution hasn't been solved once for all in deed.

目前，已全面废除死刑和实际上废除死刑的国家已达100多个，但死刑在我国法律上的规定和司法实践中的适用还比较广泛，对我国现行死刑制度的认识和理解，在法学界和司法界中还存在着诸多的争议。

This just demonstrate the Beccaria's reason that the regalia and laws were not endowed with people's right of life only because he was not sure of the effect that man-made elements tyrannize over the humanbody.

为了反思贝卡里亚废除死刑理论及其批判者的论证，笔者更深一步探寻贝卡里亚的废除死刑理论的内在逻辑，根据完整的理性精神对死刑废除观作了一个演绎和证明，建立在博爱之上的刑罚观要求死刑的废除，并且我们看到这样的一个证明是极其现实的。

Have taken a lot of measures. Death penalty has been used as a kind of punishing and preventing means of the crime by ruling class all the time since slave society, and has been used that has not been suspected at all several thousand years. The death penalty becomes a hot spot of society gradually until the rise of the sport of the teaching and beginning in west. Since1764 the Italy famous punishment jurist Beccaria proposed that death penalty should be abolished and restricted for the first time, the battle whether death penalty should be abolished or not all the time is existence, but the problem of death penalty has not been really solved fundamentally.

死刑作为惩罚和预防犯罪的一种手段，从奴隶社会以来一直为统治阶级所使用，并被毫无怀疑的使用了几千年；直到西方启蒙运动的兴起，死刑才逐渐成为一个社会热点问题。1764年意大利著名刑法学家贝卡利亚首次明确提出了废除死刑和限制死刑适用的主张后，死刑的存废之争一直延续至今，但并没有从根本上真正解决死刑问题。

His reason for bring forward this Motion now was, that he had a strong conviction that capital punishment was inexpedient and unnecessary; that it did not ensure the purposes for which it was enacted; that it was unjust in principle; that it involved not unfrequently the sacrifice of innocent human life; and further, that it afforded an escape for many guilty of atrocious crimes.

他现在提出这一动议的原由是，他坚信死刑是不适宜的与不必要的；死刑没有确保其通过立法而存在的初衷的实现；死刑大体上是不公正的；死刑并非不经常地涉及对无辜的生命的牺牲；更有甚者，死刑促成了许多罪大恶极者逍遥法外。

His reason for bringing forward this Motion now was, that he had a strong conviction that capital punishment was inexpedient and unnecessary; that it did not ensure the purposes for which it was enacted; that it was unjust in principle; that it involved not unfrequently the sacrifice of innocent human life; and further, that it afforded an escape for many guilty of atrocious crimes.

他之所以现在提此项动议，是因为：他深信死刑是不适宜且不必要的；死刑没有实现他之所以被施行的目的；死刑在原则上是不公正的；死刑不是不经常的牺牲无辜生命，更严重的是，死刑也导致了许多残暴罪行逃脱制裁。

This thesis study from the legislative evolution of our countries" death penalty application and the criminal punishment of bribery and corruption that our country"s Taiwan, think that the application of death penalty of our country"s bribery and corruption crime violate the principle of suiting punishment to crime, principle of equity have a deterrent effect to corruption, it is difficult to achieve the aim of criminal punishment totally not accord with the voice of the people of our country and legislative trend of death penalty development of international community. It is a request based on China"s current death policy to abolish death penalty application, the ear of protecting human rights the base of allow capital punishment "equitably" and on the base of ensuring international criminal judicial cooperation, and put forward the method of abolish the capital punishment suability, which should be break though

本论文从研究我国贪污贿赂犯罪死刑适用的立法沿革及国外和我国台湾地区对贪污贿赂犯罪的刑罚规定着手，认为我国贪污贿赂犯罪的死刑适用违反了罪责刑相适应原则和人人平等原则、对反腐无有效的威慑力，难以达到刑罚的目的、不完全符合我国民众的呼声及国际社会死刑发展的立法趋势，废除其死刑适用是基于中国现行死刑政策的要求、基于保障人权的时代需要、基于合理配置死刑的需要及基于国际刑事司法合作的需要，并提出了废止贪污贿赂犯罪的死刑适用的途径宜从民意、政治、法律、经济等四个方面同时进行突破，然后在此基础上笔者提出与上述问题相适应的完善贪污贿赂犯罪刑事立法与加强司法的构想，主张在立法上增设罚金刑、完善资格刑的内容、加重自由刑的适用、提高数额特别巨大的认定标准及调整量刑幅度等；在司法上坚持刑罚的必然性和及时性、提高对贪污贿赂犯罪的追究率、加大对贪污贿赂犯罪财产刑的处罚等。

Analyzed from the relation between execution and social justice, death penalty is not in accordance with social justice. Analyzed from the social virtue of execution, the effect of death penalty should be admitted, but should not be apotheosized. Analyzed from the justice of death penalty, to put a criminal to death means estimation to life.

从死刑与社会正义的关系方面分析，死刑是不符合社会正义的；从死刑的社会功效方面分析，既要承认死刑的作用，也不能神化死刑的威慑力；从死刑是否公平的方面分析，处死杀人者是对生命价值的尊重。

In China, death penalty is not the most effective tool against severe crimes; more scientific criminal policies should be sought and made. The mis\|judge of death penalty has fatal and dual harmfulness. It not only confers sadness and mortification to the innocent, but also besmirches the image the state judgment.

就中国适用死刑而言，死刑不是严重犯罪的杀手锏，应在死刑与重刑主义之外寻求和制定更为科学的刑事政策；死刑误判危害是巨大的也是双重的，不仅给无辜者造成终生难忘的伤痛和屈辱，而且严重损害了国家司法公正的形象；死刑适用应体现立法中已表达的民意，而不是屈从于局部民愤而扭曲法律的规定。

Development , China present national conditions and citizen idea of death penalty ,etc. angle of death penalty analyse from China, is it restrain from , reduce death penalty suitable theory and abolish practice of death penalty our times to combine. I think abolish death penalty the realistic act in China the present stage, but it is essential that the one that limit and reduce death penalty in China further is suitable , it is feasible too. We should set about from substantive law , procedure law ,etc.

从中国死刑的演变、中国当前的国情和公民死刑的观念等角度进行分析，结合限制和减少死刑适用的理论和当今世界废除死刑的实践，笔者认为虽然现阶段在中国废除死刑并非现实之举，但进一步限制和减少死刑在中国的适用是必要的，也是可行的。

The article mainly through regarding our countrypresent death penalty system validity, the rationality obtains, fromthe death penalty the function and the modern people which displays inthe modern society to the death penalty angle and so on view,discusses our country death penalty system the importance,simultaneously also must see our country present death penalty systemthe deficiency.

文章主要通过对于我国现行死刑制度的合法性、合理性入手，从死刑在现代社会所发挥的作用和现代人对死刑的看法等角度，来探讨我国死刑制度的重要性，同时也要看出我国现行死刑制度的不足之处。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。