死亡学

Report as follows now: 1Epidemiology characteristic this sika amount of livestock on hand 405, among them of deer of new student young and Zhan Luqun of 2 years old of young deer 30% the left and right sides, the deer does not have these young deer and young to come on and die, doe group also do not have come on and die, and those who send ill death is curium via inject anaesthetic the fair deer of fine and soft.

现报告如下：1流行病学特征该场梅花鹿存栏405头，其中新生仔鹿和2岁幼鹿占鹿群的30%左右，这些幼鹿和仔鹿无发病和死亡，母鹿群也无发病和死亡，而发病死亡的都是经注射麻醉剂锯茸的公鹿。

The researching result of this field is conflicting in these years. Some researchers consider it as apoptosis, while some necropsy results don\'t support the hypothesis. Our study is to investigate the protein expression and biochemistry changes under oxidative stress to determine if apoptosis happens.

多巴胺能神经元的死亡是凋亡还是坏死目前的研究结果不一，有许多的研究说明在氧化应激的条件下，细胞的死亡是凋亡，而部分尸检结果不支持凋亡的学说，本实验拟从蛋白表达及生化学方面观察氧化应激后细胞有无凋亡的发生。

Scientific studies of death have been undertaken in medicine, philosophy, sociology and thanatology for a long time. As the problems of death are being noticed in hospice care and life education, they also become a topic of academic studies. These studies constitute the foundation of modern theory of life and death.

科学的死亡内容在医学、哲学、社会学与死亡教育等各学科的研究上，已有一定的发展研究成果，安宁疗护医疗纳入医疗体制与生命教育受到重视之后，死亡的问题也因此由隐而显地被公开探讨与引入学术研究，并试图建构生死学的现代理论基础。

This paper consider: sex and death play the essential role of health life and happy livelihood, sex and death perform a important ring of life is intermingled with joy and sorrow, to welcome and speed the parting of guests, but since traditions, people think sex and death are two huge taboos, sex that is shame, death that is to have no alternatives, until the tip of twenty century, sexology and thanatology gradually receive to value.

本文认为：性与死扮演著健康人生与快乐生活的重要角色，性爱与生死更是人际关系中悲欢离合与送往迎来的重要一环。但是，传统以来，人们却认为性与死是两大忌讳：性是羞耻的；死是无奈的。直到廿世纪末，性学和死亡学才渐渐地受到人们的重视，相信在二十一世纪，性爱学和生死学将会成为两大显学。

The traditional population health measure relying heavily on vital statistics is becoming increasingly uninformative because of the epidemiological transition.

伴随流行病学模式的转变，单纯依靠死亡信息的人群健康综合评价已不能适应卫生系统决策和管理的需要，人群非死亡性健康状况的综合测量是形成完整的人群健康评价的重要组成部分。

Materials and methods: The lung preparation of 6 SARS death patient (died in 9,14,20,29,33,38d) and 6 macaque model (killed in 7,12,14,14, 32, 35d)were objects. Pathological changes, collagen fibers, lattice fibers, elastic fibers, collagen I and III in lungs and fine structure changes were studied by routine H.E dyeing, trigeminy dyeing, trinitrophenol- sirius red staining and polarization microscope, electron microscope and image analysis. Expression of Vimentin、 TGFβ_1、 TNF α、 IL-1β and MMP-2 were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results:1. Pathological changes of SARS death patient.

材料与方法：以6例SARS死亡患者(分别于发病后9、14、20、29、33、38d死亡)和6只猕猴实验模型(分别于染毒后7、12、14、14、32、35d活杀取材)肺标本为对象，应用H.E染色、三联染色、苦味酸-天狼猩红-偏振光法、电镜和图像分析等技术，对比性观察SARS肺组织病理变化和纤维化的病理过程、胶原纤维、网状纤维和弹力纤维的变化特点、Ⅰ型与Ⅲ型胶原纤维的数量和分布规律，旨在探讨SARS肺纤维化的病变经历过程及特点；利用免疫组织化学和形态计量学技术检测SARS死亡患者肺脏的Vimentin、TGFβ_1、TNFα、IL-1β和MMP-2等与炎症反应和纤维化相关活性因子，探讨其发病机制。

in 2950 subjects,including 1472 hbsag positive patients and 1478 hbsag negative control, all of them were obversved in 10 years and the standardized mortality ratio of primary carcinoma of liver were calculated in each group.results:①in hbsag positive groups,the smr were 8.85 in men and 12.50 in women,in hbsag negative groups, the smr were 2.87 in men and 3.40 in women, there were significant difference among different groups;②the trend of correlation between hbsag and primary carcinoma of liver were alike in 5 years before and after;③there were not any significant difference observed about the smr of carcinoma ventriculi and esophagus cancer in different groups.

采用前瞻性研究，自1996年7月起对观察对象随访10年，其中hbsag阳性者1472例，阴性者1478例，于2006年10月用流行病学方法分析各种标化死亡比等观察结果。结果：①hbsag阳性组的肝癌标化死亡比男、女分别为8.85与12.50，hbsag阴性组的肝癌smr分别为2.87与3.47，两组之间差异显著；②hbsag与肝癌的关系在前后5年的趋势相似；③hbsag阴性和阳性组的胃癌及食道癌的标化死亡率无统计学差异。

Adopting the method of demography and historical georgraphy, and on the basis of the administravie division of county and an imaginary Fu,this article reconstructs china's abnormal death roll during the period of 1959-1961, which amounts to 32,500 thousand.

内容摘要：本文采用人口学和历史地理学的方法，以县级政区为基础，以虚拟的&府&级政区为单位，重建1959-1961年中国各地非正常死亡人口数。计算结果表明，1959-1961年中国的非正常死亡人口多达3250万。

adopting the method of demography and historical georgraphy,andon the basis of the administravie division of county and an imaginary fu,this article reconstructs china's abnormal death roll during the period of 1959-1961, which amounts to 32,500thousand.and we will find a great negative correlationbetween the death roll of 1959-1961and that of 1851-1875.this article believesthat,it is not the average resources and food in different regions,but the folk"historical memory"about famine that leads to this special result.

内容 摘要：本文采用人口学和历史地理学的方法，以县级政区为基础，以虚拟的&府&级政区为单位，重建1959-1961年中国各地非正常死亡人口数。计算结果表明，1959-1961年中国的非正常死亡人口多达3250万。将1959-1961年的分府死亡人口与1851-1875年的分府死人口进行对比，可知两个时代的人口非正常死亡呈强负相关。本文认为，造成这一奇特结果的原因在于民间关于饥荒的&历史记忆&，而与各个区域人均拥有的资源及粮食无关。

Adopting the method of demography and historical georgraphy,andon the basis of the administravie division of county and an imaginary Fu,this article reconstructs china's abnormal death roll during the period of 1959-1961,which amounts to 32,500thousand.

内容摘要：本文采用人口学和历史地理学的方法，以县级政区为基础，以虚拟的&府&级政区为单位，重建1959-1961年内容摘要：本文采用人口学和历史地理学的方法，以县级政区为基础，以虚拟的&府&级政区为单位，重建1959-1961年中国各地非正常死亡人口数。计算结果表明，1959-1961年中国的非正常死亡人口多达3250万。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。