武力

Through the anti-war endeavor of《League of Nations Treaty of alliance》and《Kellog- Briand Pact》,and the practices of prohibitions of force or force threat stipulated in the《Charter of the UN》,the illegality of war becomes the most important rule of international relations and international law in the world.

通过《国际联盟盟约》和《凯洛格-白立安非战公约》的反战努力，《联合国宪章》禁止使用武力相威胁或使用武力原则的实践，战争非法成为当今世界最重要的国际法和国际关系准则。

Force alone will not do it. You cannot disarm Hezbollah by force.

光靠武力是不能解决问题的，你不可能靠武力去解除真主党的武装。

Suspicious of the role of power in foreign policy, they use it ineffectively and without conviction.

由于对武力在外交政策中的作用心存疑虑，他们在使用这种武力时，便显得既缺乏效用，又缺乏信仰。

And when, after the Cold War, the sovereignty disputes over the islands in the South China Sea have become one of the dominating problems that threaten the peace and security of the Asia-Pacific area and the relations between the countries around the South China Sea have been in such tensions many times due to the issue that there is evidence that force may be resorted to, US has been dead set on one point though its strategy for the Asia-Pacific area is still shaping: it urges that the issue should be settled through negotiation rather than by force.

就南中国海岛礁的实际控制问题和争议的解决方式而言，美国在不同时期有不同的态度。20世纪50、60年代，美国坚决反对中国收复西沙和南沙群岛，尤其是对1956年所谓的"中共甘泉岛登陆"事件反应强烈，但容忍、默许台湾当局、南越、菲律宾这些反共盟友在这些岛礁的活动。70、80年代，美国对发生在南中国海的两次武装冲突持中立态度：默许中国武力收复西沙群岛和部分南沙岛礁；冷战后，即90年代，美国则坚决反对武力解决南沙群岛问题，极力倡导和平解决。

Americans who get the freedom by guns widely believe that military power is righteousness, and overmatch to exist is perfectly justified; military is the only way to solve the problem.

用枪支获得自由的美国人普遍相信武力造就正义。美国人认为强者生存是天经地义的，武力才是解决问题的唯一途径。

Washington has used its military strength to topple a hated dictator. But democracy through force has not played well in the Arab street. Many Arabs think the US wants to protect an oil source by dominating the Middle East and establishing a long-term presence in Iraq - a double sin next to its support for Israel.

华盛顿已经用武力推翻了一个令人憎恨的独裁者，但通过武力诞生的民主在阿拉伯地区步履维艰，很多阿拉伯人认为，美国是想通过控制中东地区并在伊拉克长期驻军，来保护其石油资源，这比支持以色列更加罪不当赦。

For only when our arms are sufficient be yond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.

因为只有当我们的武力无可置疑地壮大时，我们才能毫无疑问地确信永远不会使用武力。

The paper consists of following contents:(1)starting with a historicalreview of the use-of-force,this paper reveals a paradoxical evolvementof the two trends in use-of-force,compares the absolutization andinfinity with controllability and finity of the use-of-force,and clarifiesnew characteristics of the use-of-force in post-Cold War era;(2)bysystematically analyzing the era background from the viewpoints ofeconomic globalization,political multipole,military high tech,national separatism and the hegemonism,the paper clarifies factorslimiting and stimulating the use-of-force;(3)by analyzing the lawbackground mainly from the viewpoint of international laws,the paperespecially centralizes the discussion on restrictions made by moderninternational laws on the use-of-force and their limits,dissects thechallenges brought up by the high tech war to international laws;(4)the use-of-force by UN and other regional international organization;(5)refuting the theory of"humanitarian intervention"advocated bythe USA and certain western countries,the paper expatiates the rightrelations between human rights and sovereignty,and demonstrates therightness of the sovereignties and UN;(6)the basic guidelines of theuse-of-force in the post-Cold War era.

分别从经济全球化、政治多极化、军事高技术化以及民族分离主义的泛滥、霸权主义的恶性膨胀等方面系统分析冷战后武力使用的时代背景，揭示出冷战后时代同时存在的限制、约束武力使用的因素，以及诱发、刺激武力使用的因素。（3）主要从国际法的角度分析武力使用的法律背景，着重探讨现代国际法对武力使用的规范和制约作用以及这种作用的有限性，同时剖析现代高技术战争对国际法提出的挑战。（4）主要探讨联合国以及区域性国际组织在冷战后使用武力的实践以及存在的问题。（5）驳斥以美国为首的某些西方国家所鼓吹的&人道主义干涉&论，阐述人权与主权的正确关系，论证主权国家和联合国并没有过时，不能用非人道手段解决人道主义问题。（6）系统提出了冷战后国家间使用武力应遵守的基本准则。

This thesis consists of six chapters, which will dissertate deeply some questions concerned the principle pf prohibition of use of force.

这是人类社会禁止使用武力的发展历程及历史背景。本文第二章进一步论述了禁止使用武力原则所谴责的行为，这是本文的重点。

Abrogating or attempting to abrogate, subverting or attempting or conspiring to subvert the Constitution by use of force or show of force or by any other means which attempts to undermine this Constitution.

废除或试图废除共和国、推翻或试图或共谋以武力、展示武力或以其他破坏宪法的方式推翻共和国。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了