步进的

Through functional analysis, the design of a stepper motor as the executing agency of the power source, through the stepper motor to drive the clutch of positive and have positive and negative-driven torque, the use of Extraction change for the stepper motor torque output , The use of torque sensors and angular displacement sensors to measure vehicle-borne by the driven clutch of torque.

通过功能分析，该设计采用步进电机作为执行机构的动力源，通过步进电机的正反转来驱动离合器从动盘产生正反扭矩，使用减数器改变步进电机输出的扭矩，使用扭矩传感器和角位移传感器来测量汽车离合器从动盘所承受的扭矩。

The computer separately connects and controls the I/O end and A/D converter; the I/O end connects and controls the X, Y axis driving circuit and the semiconductor laser; the X, Y axis step-by-step driving circuit connects and controls the X, Y step-by-step electrical machines to control the dimensional platform; the beam of the semiconductor laser passes through the focusing drawtube with 0.1mm diameter to form the facula with the diameter less than 0.1mm; the facula irradiates on the detector surface of the XY dimensional displacement platform to produce the corresponding electric signals; the detector surface connects the A/D converter through the amplifier; the electrical signal is amplified and is converted into the data signal by the A/D converter and is sent to the computer for processing.

由计算机分别连接并控制I/O端口和A/D转换器，I/O端口分别连接并控制X、Y轴步进电机驱动电路和半导体激光器，X、Y轴步进电机驱动电路分别连接并控制X、Y轴步进电机，从而控制二维位移平台，半导体激光器的光束经过设有直径0.1mm小孔的聚焦镜筒形成＜0.1mm直径的光斑，光斑照射于设在XY二维位移平台上的探测器表面使其产生响应的电信号，探测器表面经放大器连接A/D转换器，电信号经放大器放大后，由A/D转换器转换为数据信号送计算机处理。

The design of the device using NC Lathe CA6240 control, part of the main transmission system using AC spindle motor and graded by the pulley driven spindle gearbox, through the inverter and gearbox to achieve sub; Feed System used by stepper motor driven ball screw slowdown after campaign vertical feed system through a gear after the ball screw drive, in the horizontal feed system through two gear-driven ball screw; Tool to automatically transfer tool carrier (4-position), thus achieving automatic tool change; by MCS-51 series 8051 data to be dealt with.

本设计利用数控装置对CA6240普通车床进行控制，主传动系统部分采用交流调频主轴电动机经带轮及分级齿轮变速箱驱动主轴，通过变频器和齿轮变速箱实现分段无级变速；进给系统采用步进电机通过减速后驱动滚珠丝杠运动，在纵向进给系统中通过一级齿轮减速后驱动滚珠丝杠，在横向进给系统中通过二级齿轮减速驱动滚珠丝杠；刀架改为自动转位刀架从而实现自动换刀；通过MCS-51系列8051单片机对数据进行计算处理，由I/O接口输出步进脉冲信号控制进给速度和行程；为了保持切削螺纹的功能，要在主轴外端或其它适当部位装上脉冲发生器；将车床的手动尾座改造成为可控电动尾座。

The step motor can receive digital signal directly and has the ability to response outer environment immediately and has no accumulation error, which often is used in driving system. In this driving system, open-loop control system is composed of stepping motor, which can satisfy the demand not only for control precision but also for the target of economic and practicality. On this basis , the analysis of stepping motor in power calculating and style selecting is also given.

由于步进电机能够直接接收数字量，响应速度快而且工作可靠并无累积误差，常用作数字控制系统驱动机构的动力元件，因此，在驱动装置中采用由步进电机构成的开环控制方式，这种方式既能满足控制精度的要求，又能达到经济性、实用化目的，在此基础上，对步进电机的功率计一算及选型问题经行了分析。

Based on accurate step motor system parameters, the state equations describing step motor dynamic characteristics are set up. The operation of the self synchronization closed loop control system is simulated on computer. In the research the principle analysis and system design have been done about self synchronization closed loop operation. The relation between rotating EMF and the rotor position of the step motor is discussed. Through detecting the zero value of rotating EMF the rotor position of the step motor is indirectly obtained.

在得到准确的步进电动机系统参数的基础上，建立了描述步进电动机动态特性的状态方程，并对自同步闭环系统的动态特性进行了计算机仿真在论文的研究中，分析了旋转电势与电机位置的对应关系，通过旋转电势的过零检测间接得到转子位置信号，利用这种"间接传感器"方法实现了步进电动机的自同步闭环控制，论文从原理分析和系统设计两方面进行了研究。

In the article, stepper motor controlled by CAN bus is studied; controller of single stepper motor is designed; the motion of step servo-system controlled by CAN bus is researched.

重点研究了通过CAN总线控制的步进电机，设计了模块化步进电机控制器，研究了CAN总线控制步进伺服系统的运动。

To meet requirement of production and quicken rolling speed, No.2 heating furnace was put into operation in 2002 and No.3 in 2007. All automatic control was adopted, displacement of walking beam was detected by displacement transducer, and acceleration and deceleration control of walking beam was carried out through proportional valve and by use of slope technique in program of GE 90-70 PLC, thus, travelling speed of walking beam can be controlled and lift and release of slab can be operated lightly.

为适应生产的需要，加快轧制速度，2002年投产的2号加热炉和2007年投产的3号加热炉均采用全自动控制，利用位移传感器检测步进梁的位移量，通过比例阀以及在GE90-70PLC程序中采用斜坡技术对步进梁运动进行加减速控制，达到控制步进梁运行速度的目的，实现对板坯的轻拿轻放。

When stepping motor works in some pulse frequency, it may have the problem of oscillation and miss of synchronization, so it should be avoided at full steam.

在一定控制脉冲频率下，步进电动机可能出现振荡与失步现象，严重影响步进电动机的运行，要严格防止这种情况发生。

The following areas: design of transmission of the table, mainly the use of ball screws; the overall structure of the design table to understand the strengths and weaknesses, take full account of the principal contradiction, merit-based selection; control system design, its applications become more familiar with the Stepper motor-driven feed location can be accurate but the drawback is the lack of output power, so consider the source of the hydraulic motor as the driving force and the stepper motor drive system into the compound, hydraulic feeding Although it is impossible to locate, but with high output power, the two complement each other, so that accurate feed motion can be stable.

有以下几个方面：工作台的传动机构设计，主要是滚珠丝杠的运用；工作台整体结构的设计，了解优缺点，充分考虑主要矛盾，择优选取；控制系统的设计，进一步熟悉其应用步进电机驱动进给可以进行准确的定位但有个缺点就是输出力不足，所以考虑将液压电机作为动力源与步进电机驱动进给系统复合，液压进给虽然无法进行定位，但具有高输出力，二者优势互补，使进给运动可以准确稳定的进行。

The design and implementation of automobile engine speed indicator is given, which uses PWM method to directly realize stepper motor drive in micro-step .

本文介绍了通过PWM脉冲实现步进电机微步驱动的原理，并给出了一个采用PWM调制方法直接实现步进电机微步驱动的汽车发动机转速表的设计与实现，该设计以软件的算法处理代替了部分相关硬件功能，在保证系统可靠性的前提下有效地降低了仪表成本。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。