正交的

In Chapter 3, we discuss the other orthogonalities in in Banach space, and give some properties of them. The emphase of the chapter is to study the relations of Birkhoff orthogonality, Isosceles orthogonality and Pythagorean orthogonality, and it is proved that if one of these induces another, then the space is an inner product space.

第三章研究其它几种正交性问题，讨论Birkhoff正交性、Isosceles正交性与Pythagorean正交性之间的关系，证明了：如果这三种正交性的任一种都蕴含另一种，那么此空间就是内积空间。

For solving this nonideal problem, the orthogonality between the directional vector and the noise subspace with the same frequency can be used to establish a cost function. After finding the appropriate solution with the minimum cost function value through different optimization methods, the LCMV algorithm can use the result to calculate the optimum weight.

为了解决这项在波束成型上的非理想问题，我们利用了宽频信号的方向向量会和同频率的杂讯子空间正交的特性[4，5]去建立一个目标函数，利用不同的最佳化方法找出适当的解，再带入LCMV演算法中算出最佳权重。

The magnitude of the stress was calculated according to the intensity of the polarization mode coupling. The location of the stress was determined by calculating the optical path difference of the two orthogonal polarization modes.

由偏振模耦合的强度计算应力的大小，通过由双折射引起的2个正交的偏振模的光程差计算应力的位置。

No additional data for frequency tracking are need, but higher estimation accuracy and low computational complexity can be obtained. Finally, a kind of optimizing joint algorithm for symbol timing, frequency synchronization and channel estimation is proposed. The false alarm probability and miss detect probability of the symbol timing are derived. We proved that the time－frequency offset domain random sequence sliding in the frequency offset direction is orthogonal with the original random sequence, and proposed a new integer frequency offset estimation algorithm. The coarse estimation methods for fractional frequency offset both in AWGN and multipath channels are proposed too.

最后，提出了一种优化的符号同步、频偏估计和信道估计的联合算法，推导了符号同步方法的虚警概率和漏检概率，给出了随机序列在时间－频率偏移域沿频率偏移方向滑动后与原序列近似正交的证明，提出了一种新的在时间－频率偏移域沿频率偏移方向进行滑动相关估计整数频偏的方法，提出了在AWGN信道和多径信道下进行小数频偏粗估计的方法，给出了小数频偏细估计的ML估计结果和利用频域PN序列取值特性的简洁的信道估计结果。

A small planar antenna combined with a printed circuit board. First and second ground layers formed on top and bottom surfaces of the dielectric layer, respectively, corresponding to each other; and a first antenna unit which extends from a side of each of the respective first and the second ground layers, for radiating a first polarized wave with the application of current.

一种与印刷电路板组合的小型平面天线，在具有预定厚度的介电层的顶表面和底表面上形成相对应的第一和第二接地层，第一天线单元和第二天线单元分别以预定图形从第一和第二接地层的一侧伸出，分别通过施加电流来辐射正交的第一极化波和第二极化波。

Thus a simple method is proposed for determining the value of reference node coordinate, that is to derive the cross-point of coordinate equation of Y, which represents the principal inertia plane and the one perpendicular to the other plane.

为此提出了一种参考节点坐标值的简易确定方法，即通过求解代表主惯性平面和与主惯性平面正交的另一平面同Y轴的交点坐标方程，根据抽油机支架上角钢的结构方式，取代数值较大的一个即可确定参考节点的位置。

Purpuraristatus, the growth, fertility, chromosome configuration, EST isozyme etc. were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that the growth potentiality of (E. sibiricus×E. purpuraristatus) F2 and (E. purpuraristatus×E. sibiricus) F1 were much stronger than their parents, the plant height of the former was 143.2 cm. The whole plant was reseda, the latter was 129.7 cm. The spike nodding of two hybrids were in the middle of their parents, the anther was yellow; the pollen fertility was 0.02%~0.03%, seed set was 0; the average chromosome configuration of former pollen mother cell at PMC M Ⅰ was 6.90Ⅰ+14. 02Ⅱ, the latter was 7.82Ⅰ+13.59 Ⅱ, and lagging chromosome and bridge fragment were observed at meiosis anaphase Ⅰ the EST of the two hybrids F1 and their parents at tillering stage was some certain different in locus, number and intensity.

结果表明，正交F1和反交F1植株的生长势均很强，正交F1株高143.2 cm、全株浅绿色，反交F1株高129.7 cm、全株灰绿色；正、反交F1的穗型均呈双亲中间型，花药呈黄色，花粉可育率0.02%~0.03%，结实率为0，说明杂种高度不育；正交F1的花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ平均染色体构型为6.90Ⅰ+14.02Ⅱ，反交F1为7.82Ⅰ+13.59Ⅱ，减数分裂后期丁有落后染色体和染色体桥等不规则现象；亲本及其正、反交杂种F1分某期幼叶的EST同工酶酶带的位点、数目和强弱均存在一定差异，可作为亲本及杂种在蛋白质水平识别的重要依据。

Their electrochemical behaviors are similar to that of TTF, so they should be good donors for conducting materials. They are novel monosubstituted asymmetric TTF-π-A donor molecules with TTF cores, which should be good donors for molecular conductors or OFET potential application.2. The tuning of the charge-transfer of TTF-PEO by solvent was realized forming the mono- and dication complexes_2CuBr_4 (5) and_2(CuBr_4)_2·CH_2Cl_2·CH_3CN (6) in the triclinic Pīand the orthorhombic Pbca space group, respectively.

同时每种化合物均为单取代的非对称分子，因此该类化合物在非线性光学材料领域可能有潜在的应用。2、通过改变溶剂的方法方便地实现了调节TTF-PEO的电荷转移量为+1和+2，分别合成出化合物_2CuBr_4 (5)和_2(CuBr_4)_2·CH_2Cl_2·CH_3CN (6)，晶体结构分析表明它们分别属于三斜的Pī和正交的Pbca空间群。

Due to the fact that the intercarrier spacing in OFDM is relatively small, OFDM transceivers are somewhat more sensitive to phase noise compared to single carrier transceivers. Thus this problem must be carefully considered in designing an OFDMbased system since an accurate prediction of the tolerable phase noise can allow designer to relax system specifications. According to spectrum theorem, two components of phase noise were analyzed: common phase error and intercarrier interference. On the basis of the analysis, the performance of OFDM was given for the case where phase noise has been added to the signal, and an optimal design criterion for OFDM parameters was proposed that allows to improve the phase noise error correcting capabilities in OFDM receiver.

由于采用子载波间相互正交的结构，OFDM系统对于由本地振荡器不稳定性所导致的相位噪声影响非常敏感，针对公共相位误差CPE和载波间干扰ICI两种影响表现形式不同的干扰项，从功率谱密度函数这一独特角度分析了相位噪声对OFDM系统性能的影响，提出了旨在提高接收机抵抗相位噪声能力的OFDM系统关键参数优化与设计准则，可在对所设计OFDM系统性能加以提高的同时，有效降低对接收机前端模拟振荡器件和相位噪声抑制单元的性能指标要求，从而降低接收机硬件实现成本。

By adjusting the positions and angles of the two DVD optical pick-up heads, the relative distance of the two laser spots can be equivalent to one quarter of the grating pitch. When the grating moves, the surface profile of the grating can be measure directly, in order to obtain the two quadrature sinusoidal signals. Then by counting the zero crossing of these two quadrature sinusoidal signals and calculating the interpolation value of these two quadrature sinusoidal signals, the moving direction and moving displacement value of the grating can be obtained.

采用两个光学读取头，且两个光学读取头共用同一分光镜与同一聚焦物镜，於搭配光路的设计，可使两个光学读取头之光束打入同一聚焦物镜，藉由调整两个DVD光学读取头的位置与角度，使聚焦物镜聚焦的两相近聚焦光点的距离相等於四分之ㄧ光栅尺间距，当光栅尺移动时，可直接量测光栅尺的表面轮廓变化，以获得一组正交的弦波讯号，继而利用讯号四分割与细分割处理，计算出光栅尺之移动方向与移动量。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐