欺诈

For the communications consumer malicious arrearage actions, presents and establish a consumer fraud warning system.

针对移动用户恶意欠费的消费欺诈行为，建立反消费欺诈行为系统。

International trade ; fraud ; security ; credit ; bill of lading ; insure fraud ; rent fraud ; international cooperation

国际贸易；欺诈；担保；信用证；提单；保险欺诈；租金欺诈；国际合作

Ji wants to win the proof of congelation letter of credit requested to must be a full proof, in other words, only prove to cheat is cheat materially, cheating the exception then can be the exception of independent sex principle but be applied.

纪要中所要求的冻结信用证的证据必须是充分的证据，换言之，只有证明欺诈是实质性的欺诈，欺诈例外才能作为独立性原则的例外而得到适用。

But to affirm to cheat what, letter of credit whether the existence cheats, and what the materiality cheat in the judicial circles to all exist to dispute more and greatly, is also the main reason which produces congelation stop payment phenomenon to disorder.

但对认定何为欺诈、信用证是否存在欺诈，以及何为实质性欺诈在司法界都存在较大争议，也是产生冻结止付现象混乱的主要原因。

Obtain from the literature, Western scholars\' premise about studying the issue of insurance fraud is based on the assumption that in the general insurance market, all policyholders are trend to misreport the true state of the insurance accident, when the insurance company investigate the policyholders\' claim, they know the true state of the insurance accident.

本文在收集和整理前人研究关于保险欺诈方面文献的基础上，对保险公司与投保人关于保险欺诈(虚报保险事故、夸大保险损失)的问题进行了博弈研究，并建立了数学模型。从文献可以看出，西方学者研究保险欺诈的问题时其前提假设一般都是基于保险市场上所有的投保人都是不诚信的，索赔调查具有完全性。

The letter of credit cheat is the civil cheat in the letter of credit domain one kind of special manifestation, causes the basic reason which the letter of credit cheats is the letter of credit law system independence principle of abstraction.

信用证欺诈是民事欺诈在信用证领域的一种特殊表现形式，导致信用证欺诈的根本原因是信用证法律制度的独立抽象原则。

He put forwards that the article 4 of crime of L/C fraud in Chinese Criminal Law isn"t in compliance with the principle of penalty according to criminal law, and it will destroy L/C system. The principles of fairness, honest and credibility and prohibition of civil right abuse in General Rules of Civil Law have the feature of indetermination. The litigation of civil right attached to criminal procedure and litigation property save in the Code of Criminal Procedure, in view of their imperfection, cause the repeating capital frozen by police bureau, procuratorate and court. In view of low requirement of civil litigation capital save in Civil Procedure law, the frequent capital frozen happens all the time. Summary of Panel Discussion Concerning Chinese Coastal Area"s Economic and Judicial Work, owing to its low status and evidence"s inexplicitness of issuing ban, results in judger"s unrestrained jurisdiction power. Therefore, this author concludes that the characteristics of fragmentsand imperfection of Chinese L/C laws are disadvantageous to the perfection of the L/C legislation system ,and can not instruct judges to try the cases of L/C fraud effectively.

由于《美国统一商法典》的第五章关于信用证欺诈的规定相对我国法律而言比较完善，笔者在本文对其也作了论述，以期对我国未来的立法有所启示；第三部分主要分析了我国目前的有关信用证欺诈的规定，并指出《刑法》的有关信用证诈骗罪的规定的第4款不符合罪刑法定的要求，它对信用证的运行机制有极强的破坏性；《民法通则》中与信用证欺诈有关的公平、诚实信用、禁止权利滥用原则有其适用时的不确定性；《刑事诉讼法》关于刑事附带民事及诉讼保全的规定，由于规定的不完善，导致公、检、法等各机关对信用证的重复冻结；由于《民事诉讼法》对财产保全的条件要求过低，导致实践中信用证冻结频繁发生；《会谈纪要》由于其效力低和对发布禁令要求的证据并不明确，导致实践中法官的自由裁量权无限扩大。

Nowadays, under the this circumstance , B/L becomes the primary tool of maritime fraud .B/L fraud greatly disserved international trade, shipping, insurance and finance.

在这种情况下，一纸提单在单证交易为主要交易方式的今天成为海运欺诈利用的主要对象，提单欺诈已经成为目前海事欺诈的最主要形式。

This paper starts with the analysis into the origins and ways of practices of such financial fraudulence, then analyzes the detriments and the origins of such practice, further analysis is also conducted into the reasons for such financial auditing failures and countermeasures necessary to contain such financial fraudulent practices so as to make auditing the indestructible barrier against such financial fraudulent practice.

本文从财务欺诈的成因和表现形式分析入手，分析其危害和产生的根源，再从深入分析审计失败的成因的方面，综合探讨遏制财务欺诈的几点有效对策，让审计成为防范财务欺诈的坚不可摧的屏障。

This text explain letter of credit...

本文阐述了信用证欺诈产生的原因和表现方式，对国内外关于信用证欺诈救济的做法加以阐释和研究，并对我国当前在信用证欺诈的法律救济和民事审判实践方面进行了探讨，以期加强对信用证欺诈的认识并采取正确的救济手段。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。