欧洲货币

With the colla e of the Bretton Woods system and the fluctuatio of the exchange rates inflicted upon major currencies of European natio , in The Hague in December 1969, the Heads of State and Government decided to make economic and monetary union an official goal of European integration.

随着布莱顿森林体系的崩溃，加之欧洲国家主要货币饱受汇率动荡之苦，1969年12月，欧洲国家元首和政府首脑在海牙决定将经济与货币联盟设为欧洲一体化的官方目标。

Alternatively and in conjunction with any collective exchange-rate arrangement, such as common-basket pegging, the countries involves should created open-ending short-term credit facilities like those of the European Monetary Cooperation Fund that backed up intervention in the European Monetary System.

二者择一地而且连同任何的集体兑换率安排，像是通常的-篮子钉木椿，国家包括应该产生开着的-结束短期的信用设备相似的那欧洲的货币合作的那些支持欧洲的货币系统的干涉基金。

After a long period during which traction control was banned, the FIA decided to re-allow its use at the start of the 2002 season as it was becoming increasingly difficult to prove that ECUs were not being used to replicate traction control functions.

经过漫长的时期，其中牵引控制系统被取缔后，国际汽联决定重新允许其使用，在开始的2002赛季，因为它正在变得越来越困难，以证明欧洲货币单位，不被用来复制牵引力控制系统职能。

When the London banks, during the sterling crisis of 1957, were prohibited from using sterling funds to finance non-British trade, they offered high interest rates to attract dollar deposits from both non-American and American holders of dollars.

欧洲货币市场产生于20世纪50年代末，1957年英国发生英镑危机，伦敦的银行被禁止用英镑去为非英镑区国家的贸易提供融资；它们提高利率，从非美国人和美国人手中吸收美元存款。

Sterlings rapid fall to 11-year lows against European currencies has also pushed Britain into sixth place in the world.

英镑兑欧洲货币汇率迅速跌至11年低点，同时使得英国经济规模跌至全球第六位。

This article from an euro started at Euro sector finance system vicissitude and the Euro sector Taylor rule utilization to the European central bank policy-making formulation, through detailed thoroughly analyzes the Taylor rule to contain at the beginning ofEuropean Union in the Euro sector application -unification monetarypolicy decision-making the monetary policy background, the utilization"the Taylor principle" analyzes 1970-2006 beginning of the year EuropeCentral Bank the monetary policy decision-making tendency, pointed outmoves towards the negotiable securities along with the financialsystem, the internationalization, the formulation and the currentpolitical situation adapt the monetary policy is inevitable.

本文从欧元启动后欧元区金融体系的变迁及欧元区泰勒规则的运用对欧洲央行的决策制定，通过详细深入的剖析泰勒规则在欧元区的应用——统一货币政策决策（含欧盟之初的货币政策背景，运用&泰勒法则&分析1970-2006年初欧洲中央银行的货币政策决策倾向，指出随着金融体系走向证券化，国际化，制定与时局相适应的货币政策是必然的。

This article from an euro started at Euro sector finance system vicissitude and the Euro sector Taylor rule utilization to the European central bank policy-making formulation, through detailed thoroughly analyzes the Taylor rule to contain at the beginning ofEuropeanunionin the Euro sector application -unification monetarypolicy decision-making the monetary policy background, the utilization"the Taylor principle" analyzes 1970-2006 beginning of the year EuropeCentral Bank the monetary policy decision-making tendency, pointed outmoves towards the negotiable securities along with the financialsystem, the internationalization, the formulation and the currentpolitical situation adapt the monetary policy is inevitable.

内容摘要本文从欧元启动后欧元区金融体系的变迁及欧元区泰勒规则的运用对欧洲央行的决策制定，通过具体深入的剖析泰勒规则在欧元区的应用——统一货币政策决策（含欧盟之初的货币政策背景，运用&泰勒法则&分析1970-2006年初欧洲中心银行的货币政策决策倾向，指出随着金融体系走向证券化，国际化，制定与时局相适应的货币政策是必然的。

This article from an euro started at Euro sector finance system vicissitude and the Euro sector Taylor rule utilization to the European central bank policy-making formulation, through detailed thoroughly analyzes the Taylor rule to contain at the beginning ofEuropean Union in the Euro sector application -unification monetarypolicy decision-making the monetary policy background, the utilization"the Taylor principle" analyzes 1970-2006 beginning of the year EuropeCentral Bank the monetary policy decision-making tendency, pointed outmoves towards the negotiable securities along with the financialsystem, the internationalization, the formulation and the currentpolitical situation adapt the monetary policy is inevitable.

2002年1月1日零时，随着布鲁塞尔皇宫设置的欧元倒计时钟钟声的敲响，欧元正式进入流通，欧元区12国比利时、意大利、荷兰、芬兰、德国、奥地利、法国、西班牙、葡萄牙、爱尔兰、卢森堡和希腊缔结的空前的货币联盟正式开始运作，标志着欧洲甚至全世界己不可逆转地跨入欧元时代。在资本主义发源地、发达国家聚集的欧洲，各主权国家让渡货币发行权而发行统一的区域货币，并建立区域性货币的超国家统一管理机构—欧洲中央银行，这是人类货币金融史上的首次勇敢尝试，必将对世界经济特别是国际货币体系和国际金融格局产生一系列重大而深远的影响。

This article from an euro started at Euro sector finance system vicissitude and the Euro sector Taylor rule utilization to the European central bank policy-making formulation, through detailed thoroughly analyzes the Taylor rule to contain at the beginning ofEuropean Union in the Euro sector application -unification monetarypolicy decision-making the monetary policy background, the utilization"the Taylor principle" analyzes 1970-2006 beginning of the year EuropeCentral Bank the monetary policy decision-making tendency, pointed outmoves towards the negotiable securities along with the financialsystem, the internationalization, the formulation and the currentpolitical situation adapt the monetary policy is inevitable.

2002年1月1日零时，随着布鲁塞尔皇宫设置的欧元倒计时钟钟声的敲响，欧元正式进入流通，欧元区12国比利时、意大利、荷兰、芬兰、德国、奥地利、法国、西班牙、葡萄牙、爱尔兰、卢森堡和希腊缔结的空前的货币联盟正式开始运作，标志着欧洲甚至全世界己不可逆转地跨入欧元时代在资本主义发源地、发达国家聚集的欧洲，各主权国家让渡货币发行权而发行统一的区域货币，并建立区域性货币的超国家统一管理机构—欧洲中央银行，这是人类货币金融史上的首次勇敢尝试，必将对世界经济特别是国际货币体系和国际金融格局产生一系列重大而深远的影响其中作为欧洲经济和货币一体化进程的必然产物，欧元从诞生几年来的运行来看基本上是成功的：欧洲中央银行调控欧元的能力大大增强；欧元的影响力在逐渐扩大；欧元区经济整体运行良好，虽然欧元诞生后对美元的汇率走势并不稳定，但欧元所以表现出的强大的生命力和对国际政治，经济领域的影响不应为人们所忽视

It is fundamental that the credibility of the institutional underpinnings of EMU be maintained.

维持欧洲货币联盟的信誉是最起码的要求。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。