欧化

The kongzhu was introduced by English and French missionaries to Europe in the 18th century. And later, an European version of the kongzhu came out with the name of "diabolo".

空竹于18世纪由从中国返回的英法传教士传入欧洲，于是就有了欧化的空竹品种，叫迪亚波罗。

However, the disseverment of Chinese literature from its cultural tradition has weakened its aesthetic quality, yet its Europeanization was not strong enough to build up the ability of rational thinking.

但是，由于白话与文言传统的断裂，造成了汉语审美属性的弱化；而欧化之后汉语，没有"化"得西方语言形而上的思辨理性或理性思维。

Chapter Five Europeanization and the Development of Modern Chinese.

第五章欧化与现代汉语的发展。

The cultural conflict between the West and theEast in this phase was beyond the former Slav faction andWest European faction that either Slavonization orEuropeanization and later populism that simply added Westernculture to Russia's tradition but combined the Western culturewith national traditions dialectically,so that propelled the socialprogress effectively and practically,delt better with the problemabout the conflict and combination of the Western culture andEastern culture provided scientific inspiration for one's owncountry and others backward in economy and culture.

这一时期的东西方化冲突超越了以往的斯拉夫派与西欧派要么斯拉夫化、要么欧化、或后来的民粹主义将西方文化简单加在俄国传统上的形式，而将西方文化与本国传统辨证地结合起来，从而有效而可行地推动了社会的进步，比较好地处理了东西文化冲突与结合的问题，为本国和其他经济文化落后国家的发展提供了科学启示。

Chapter Ⅰelaborates about Slavonization orEuropeanization.

第一章，斯拉夫化还是欧化。

The dissertation is divided into 4 chapters. Chapter 1 Modern Chinese and Literary Works is intended to explore the three basic sentence patterns of colloquialism, westernization and poetizing which formed in the interaction between language and literature and then clarify the issue of "practical writing" and "literary writing" which are closely related to modern Chinese and modern literature.

论文主体由四个部分组成：第一部分&现代汉语与'文学之文'&，在历史考察口语化、欧化、诗化这三种言文互动的基本话语类型之后，对缠绕着现代汉语与现代文学的&体&和&用&以及&应用之文&和&文学之文&这两个彼此关联的根本问题进行了历史清理。

Hence the terms of"Europeanization,""Westernization"and"Anglicization"may be simply equated in the present research.

所以，本文认为&欧化&，&西化&，&英化&这几个术语是可以等同的。

The panorama passed before their eyes like a flash, save when the steam concealed it fitfully from the view; the travellers could scarcely discern the fort of Chupenie, twenty miles south-westward from Benares, the ancient stronghold of the rajahs of Behar; or Ghazipur and its famous rose-water factories; or the tomb of Lord Cornwallis, rising on the left bank of the Ganges; the fortified town of Buxar, or Patna, a large manufacturing and trading place, where is held the principal opium market of India; or Monghir, a more than European town, for it is as English as Manchester or Birmingham, with its iron foundries, edge-tool factories, and high chimneys puffing clouds of black smoke heavenward.

这一切景物，象闪电般一掠而过，有时被一阵浓浓的白烟，遮盖得模糊不清。沿途，旅客们只能隐约地看见：距贝拿勒斯城东南二十英里的比哈尔历代土王城寨——舒纳尔堡，加兹铺和这个城区一些制造玫瑰香水的大工厂；以及印度主要的鸦片市场——巴特那，还有那个比较欧化和英国化的城市——蒙吉尔，它很象英国的曼彻斯特或伯明翰，以冶铁、制造铁器和刀剑驰名。

The panorama passed before their eyes like a flash, save when the steam concealed it fitfully from the view; the travellers could scarcely discern the fort of Chupenie, twenty miles south-westward from Benares, the ancient stronghold of the rajahs of Behar; or Ghazipur its famous rose-water factories; or the tomb of Lord Cornwallis, rising on the left bank of the Ganges; the fortified town of Buxar, or Patna, a large manufacturing trading place, where is held the principal opium market of India; or Monghir, a more than European town, for it is as English as Manchester or Birmingham, with its iron foundries, edge-tool factories, high chimneys puffing clouds of black smoke heavenward.

这一切景物，象闪电般一掠而过，有时被一阵浓浓的白烟，遮盖得模糊不清。沿途，旅客们只能隐约地看见：距贝拿勒斯城东南二十英里的比哈尔历代土王城寨——舒纳尔堡，加兹铺和这个 www.8 ttt8。 com 城区一些8 tt t8.com 制造玫瑰香水的大工厂；以及印度主要的鸦片市场——巴特那，还有那个比较欧化和英国化的城市——蒙吉尔，它很象英国的曼彻斯特或伯明翰，以冶铁、制造铁器和刀剑驰名。那些高大的烟囱喷吐着乌黑的浓烟，把整个卜拉马活佛的天空搞得乌烟瘴气。在这个 www.8 ttt8。 com 梦里天堂似的国度里，这些黑烟真是大煞风景。

The panorama passed before their eyes like a flash, save when the steam concealed it fitfully from the view; the travellers could scarcely discern the fort of Chupenie, twenty miles south-westward from Benares, the ancient stronghold of the rajahs of Behar; or Ghazipur and its famous rose-water factories; or the tomb of Lord Cornwallis, rising on the left bank of the Ganges; the fortified town of Buxar, or Patna, a large manufacturing and trading place, where is held the principal opium market of India; or Monghir, a more than European town, for it is as English as Manchester or Birmingham, with its iron foundries, edge-tool factories, and high chimneys puffing clouds of black smoke heavenward.

这一切景物，象闪电般一掠而过，有时被一阵浓浓的白烟，遮盖得模糊不清。沿途，旅客们只能隐约地看见：距贝拿勒斯城东南二十英里的比哈尔历代土王城寨--舒纳尔堡，加兹铺和这个城区一些制造玫瑰香水的大工厂；以及印度主要的鸦片市场--巴特那，还有那个比较欧化和英国化的城市--蒙吉尔，它很象英国的曼彻斯特或伯明翰，以冶铁、制造铁器和刀剑驰名。那些高大的烟囱喷吐着乌黑的浓烟，把整个卜拉马活佛的天空搞得乌烟瘴气。在这个梦里天堂似的国度里，这些黑烟真是大煞风景。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。