次梯度

This invention exposed the method of producing high performance cannular sapphire. It uses once-fashioning wetting EFG technology. It draws the cannular sapphire with required inner diameter and outer diameter and length from melt. Firstly, the size and specification of cannular sapphire need to be determined, then according to it to produce the matching cannular die. Then selecting sapphire particleboard from flame fusion method as raw material, and secelting the good seeding grew in (0001) direction by Czochralski method to grow cannular sapphire. The transverse temperature difference is within 2DEG C, the lognitudinal temperature grads within 10mm of die end face is 3-4DEG C, the growth speed is 30-40mm/h.

本发明公开了一种生长高性能管状蓝宝石的方法，采用一次成型的润湿导模法技术，直接从熔体中拉制所需内、外径尺寸和长度的管状蓝宝石，其特征是，首先确定管状蓝宝石的规格尺寸，根据上述规格尺寸制作相匹配的长管模具，然后，选用高纯度焰熔法蓝宝石碎料作为原料，选用提拉法生长的(0001)方向的优质籽晶，进行管状蓝宝石的生长，横向温差在2℃以内，纵向温度梯度在距模具端面10mm内为3-4℃，生长速率为30-40mm/h。

The optimum condition was determined via orthogonal experiments, and the result shows that the technology of bile extraction and purification adopts 10L chromato bar with 3L bile, gel silica as fixed phase, the mixed chloroform and isopropanol as mobile phase, gradient elution with mobile phase (the mobile phase ratio in extraction of cholalic acid and glycocholic acid is 4:1 , and then becomes 3:2 in extraction of glycocholic acid and glycocholic acid), and eluting velocity of 3～5mL/s .

采用正交试验筛选了柱层析最佳条件，以容积为10L的层析柱进行分离纯化，固定相为硅胶，流动相为氯仿和正丁醇混合溶剂，一次装样量3000mL胆汁，流动相采用梯度洗脱，先按4：1比例分离胆酸和甘氨胆酸，然后按3：2比例分离甘氨胆酸和牛磺胆酸，流动相洗脱速度为3～5mL/s。

First, based on quadratic model and Perrys conjugacy condition, two new formulas of the main parameter β_k of conjugate gradient method are proposed.

第一，本文基于二次模型及Perry提出的共轭性条件，导出共轭梯度法的主要参数β_k的两种新形式。

One hundred and fifteen species were identified, among which coastal eurythermic species were predominant, showing obvious characteristics of subtropical population fauna. The results showed that the average abundance of phytoplankton in Shacheng Harbour was 3113.24 ind·L-1. The abundance was higher in the inner bay than that in the outer bay in horizontal distribution. The surface abundance was a little higher, but there was no significant gradient in different water layers in vertical distribution. Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef richness index, Pielou evenness index and Simpson dominance index were 2.390, 2.650, 0.726 and 0.306, respectively.

结果表明，该次调查共出现浮游植物115种，种类以沿岸广温广盐性种为主，并呈现较为明显的亚热带海湾种群区系特征，浮游植物的平均丰度为3 113.24 ind·L-1；水平分布上，呈内湾高于外湾的格局；垂直分布上，表层丰度略高，不同水层的分布梯度不明显；Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson优势度指数分别为2.390、2.650、0.726、0.306。

It was then introduced by gene pulser into acrystalliferous strain CryB and a recombinant strain CryB (pBMBZGC10) was obtained. Different fermentative solutions of recombinant strain were used for multi-spray on leaves of Brassica pekinesis, Ipomoea aquatica and Lycopersicon esculentum. Results by using fluorescent detection and PCR amplification revealed that cry1Ac10 gene could not been detected in roots, stems and leaves of plants tested. The cry1Ac10 gene was also not transferred into indigenous bacteria, actinomyces and fungi in soil.

苏云金芽胞杆菌标记重组菌株与杀虫基因水平转移的研究将重组菌株CryB（pBMBZGC10）的发酵液按浓度梯度分次进行喷洒小白菜、蕹菜和番茄作为供试植株，利用标记基因研究的结果表明：cry1Ac10基因没有向供试土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌转移，也未在植物的供试植物根、茎和叶中检测到该基因。

The supplement of oxygen,which was used during remineralization, was due to the mix of different water mass in vertical direction, and the gradient variation of nutrients resulted from the remineralization of organic matter in hyposurface and intermediate water mass.

6根据垂向不同水团的表观耗氧量与营养要素比值推断：水团混合为有机物矿化提供氧的补充，同时次表层和中层水团中营养盐垂直梯度变化主要是由于有机质再矿化的结果。

Thus, the secondary edge reflector heats the edge and reduces thermal gradients across the susceptor and the semiconductor wafer to inhibit slip dislocations in the wafer during epitaxial layer deposition.

这样，二次边缘反射器便可加热外边并减小横越衬托器和半导体晶片的热梯度，从而可在外延生长层沉积时阻止晶片内滑移位错的发生。

Methods: The sample that pass through handled to be abstracted twice by acetonitrile, evaporate the organic phase to dryness following defecated through the Na2SO4, cleaned-up by norm alhexalle, then analysed by HPLC (C18 column) with a gradient system of methanol-water as a mobile phase.

经处理过的样品用乙腈提取两次，将乙腈过无水硫酸钠层后挥千乙腈，正己烷洗涤净化，经过净化后进行高效液相色谱仪测定（C18柱），本方法以甲醇、水为流动相梯度洗脱，柱温35℃，在波长275 nm处测定。

The authors think that the magmas of the intermediate-acid volcanic rocks were derived from basaltic magmas of the lower crust and are mixed magmas produced by the increase of geothermal gradients due to diapiric injection of basaltic magmas and partial melting of intermediate-basic metamorphic igneous rocks in the lower crust,and that they resulted from a series of tectonomagmatic activities that took place when the closing of the Mongolian-Okhotsk sea trough and continent-continent collision caused crustal thickening and brought about the formation of the Hinggan-Mongolian orogenic belt in the process of oblique subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate beneath the Siberian plate.

中文摘要：通过对大兴安岭北段晚侏罗世吉祥峰组中酸性火山岩的岩石地球化学研究，发现其中存在高Sr低Y型火山岩，即文献上所称的埃达克质岩，笔者认为中酸性火山岩的岩浆起源于下地壳玄武质岩浆，为玄武质岩浆底辟上侵引起地热梯度增加、下地壳中基性变质火成岩石部分熔融的之混合岩浆，是古太平洋板块向西伯利亚板块斜向俯冲过程中，蒙古鄂霍次克海槽封闭，陆壳碰撞使地壳加厚，形成兴蒙造山带时所引起的一系列构造岩浆活动。

The distributions of velocity, velocity gradient, shear stress, clongation stress, first normal stress difference and pressure of the flow of a power-law fluid in the profile die were analyzed. It indicates that for a power-law fluid only after a few iterations a good convergence can be reached, even though in the case of high extrusion velocity.

本文分析了幂律流体在异型材挤出口模内的速度分布、速度梯度分布、剪切应力分布、拉伸应力分布、第一法向应力差分布和压力场，研究表明采用幂律流体模型，即使在挤出速度非常大的情况下，经过有限次迭代，模拟计算都能够收敛，并得到合理的结果。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。