次优化

The experiment results prove that the boiler coking is largely reduced and the temperature difference of two sides of horizontal gas-pass is very small, when the 330MW boiler operate, the pressure of primary hot air parison is controlled beyond 12.0～12.5KPa, the O2 content of air pheheater is controlled about 3.0%, the door of OFA is opened to 30%, the buffle of the inner secondary air sleeve is adjusted to the minimum, the outer secondary air swirling strength and the baffle of the outer secondary air sleeve is regulated to the maximum and the outlet temperature of pulvervised mill is kept in 70℃.

试验结果表明，330MW运行时，一次热风母管压力控制在12.0～12.5kPa以上、空气预热器实际氧量控制在3.0％左右、燃尽风门开至30％、内二次风量套筒挡板调整在最小、外二次旋流强度和外二次风套筒挡板调整到最大、磨煤机出口温度维持在70℃，此时锅炉结焦大幅度减轻，水平烟道两侧烟温差非常小。优化试验完成后，进行了单烧灵武烟煤对比，结果是：掺烧高灰熔点的银北煤后，炉膛结焦大幅度减轻，锅炉过热器减温水量较小，主蒸汽压力易提高，带负荷能力正常；再热器烟气挡板开度较大、减温水量较小；风机电耗较小。

By Lagrange dual and scalarization of vector optimization, characterizations of solutions for which objective mapping satisfies weak convexity conditions are shown. The strongly and weak dual theorems for generalized subconvex-like mapping are obtained.

通过适当定义对偶问题和向量优化问题的标量化研究各解之间的关系，刻画目标映射满足弱凸性条件的优化问题解的特征，在目标映射是广义锥次类凸的条件下给出有关的对偶定理。

Then applying the second development tool of AUTOCAD, Visual LISP to scheme out the programs of plotting the network's systems drawing and the water isobar. Consequently, the whole set design from the node outflow distributing to plotting the network's systems drawing and the water isobar is completed.

然后应用AUTOCAD二次开发工具Visual LISP编写出绘制管网系统图程序和绘制等水压线图程序，在AUTOCAD平台上将平差或优化的结果快速成图，从而完成从节点流量开始到管网优化直至绘出给水管网系统图和等水压线图的一整套设计。

For this purpose, the compactly supported radial basis function and the moving least squares approximation based ones are integrated into the aforementioned two global optimizers. As a result, two novel hybrid algorithms are introduced.

其次，为解决电磁场逆问题分析、计算中由于随机类优化算法需进行数以千计次电磁场的数值分析，以致计算时间和计算量难以满足工程分析实际要求的难题，本文将表面响应模型法引入电磁场逆问题的求解，研究了基于紧支径向基函数和基于移动最小二乘法的两种表面响应模型，并将其分别与改进的遗传算法和粒子群算法相结合，提出两种不同的混合快速全局优化算法。

An optimization method is proposed to solved steady-state optimization problems by quadratic approximation of the object function and the Linear Matrix Inequalities Problem and Eigenvalue Problem of Linear Matrix Inequalities theory.

提出了将稳态优化问题的目标函数进行二次逼近及用可行性问题求解算法和特征值问题求解算法进行求解的优化方法。

Optimization; parametric quadratic convex programming; set-valued map; directional derivative; linear stability; solution-set map; parametric linear programming; error bound; subdifferential map; lower locally directionally Lipschitzian; upper locally di-rectionally Lipschitzian; locally directionally Lipschitzian; convex function; quasidiferential; kernelled quasidiferential; quasi-kernel; star-kernel; star-diferential; Penot diferential; subderivative; superderivative; epiderivative; set-valued optimization; set-valued analysis; subdifferential; optimization condition;ε-dual; scalization; generalized subconvexlike-cone;ε-Lagrange multiplier

基础科学，数学，运筹学最优化；集值映射；方向导数；线性稳定；最优解集映射；参数线性规划；参数凸二次规划；误差界；次微分映射；下局部方向Lipschitzian；上局部方向Lipschitzian；局部方向Lipschitzian；凸函数；拟微分；核拟微分；拟核；星核；星微分； Penot-微分；上导数；下导数； Epi-导数；集值优化；集值分析；集值映射的次微分；最优性条件；广义锥次类凸；ε-对偶；数乘；ε-Lagrange乘子

Quadratic assignment problem is a NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem and has been applied in various fields. There are always many zero elements in the flow matrix or distance matrix of the quadratic assignment problem instances which are abstracted from the practical problems. Much computation time can be saved if we can first reduce the size of the problem by using its zero elements.

二次分配问题(quadratic assignment problem， QAP)是应用于诸多领域的组合优化NP-难题，许多从实际问题中抽象出来的二次分配问题，其流矩阵与距离矩阵中存在大量零元素，如果在该类二次分配问题的求解中，能够充分利用这些零元素的信息，将大大缩减问题的规模，节省大量运算时间。

Meanwhile some detailed numerical researches are done on the influence to the aerodynamic field throughout changing magnitude of the primary air and the secondary air, adopting homocentric two tangential circles, tangentially-fired in number one and number three corner face-fired in number two and number four corner, changing the air distribution of the secondary air and the reverse swirl of upper secondary air, Which provide the theoretical basis for boiler design, optimal operation, renovation etc.

本文同时应用数值研究方法模拟了四角切圆锅炉一二次风大小变化、大小同心切圆布置方式、一三角相切二四角对冲、二次风配风方式改变、二次风反切等对炉内流场特性的影响，为优化锅炉设计、改造、运行提供了及其有意义的理论上的指导。

Results: The optimized extract's technological parameters were: refluxed three times by 75% ethanol, five times ethanol at first, then four times and four times separately as solvent added, for one hour at each reflux.

结果：优化的最佳提取工艺为取牡丹皮等药味，用75%乙醇加热回流三次，第一次加75%乙醇5倍量、第二次加4倍量、第三次加4倍量，每次回流1小时。

Result: Make sure the best condition to obtain total flavonoids was extraction by sonication and defatting 3 times with an 15 times volume of petroleum benzin.

结果：优化工艺为：以超声的方法，15倍量石油醚脱脂30min，重复3次；再用6倍量80％乙醇提取，第一次提取2h，第二次提取1.5小时。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。