次优化

In order to optimize the technology of press and lower the production cost,a two-stage floating elastic pressing structure at the anvil swage of the second punching die was adopted.

为优化冲压工艺，降低生产成本，第2副冲模采用了下模部分二级浮动弹压的结构，成功实现局部胀拉和翻边工艺以及压凸、弯曲、整形多道工序一次成形。

Secondly, the author has set up the Factor Set, Factor Weight Set, Evaluation Set and Evaluation Matrix based on the Fuzzy Mathematics, therefore the quantification of expert's experiences is solved. Following the example of product design procedure consisting of designing, collating and checking, the Two-stage Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation has been established in order to supply the evaluating method of design quality for drawing die-face. After two times of eligible analysis above, the synthetic optimizing design of geometry, material and process can be done with simulation.

以模糊数学为基础，通过确定影响覆盖件拉延模型面设计的因素集、因素权重集、备择集和评判矩阵，解决了专家设计经验知识的量化问题，并建立二级模糊综合评判方法，据此设计、校对、审核等技术人员可以共同对拉延模型面设计质量进行优劣评判和修改；在前面二次分析合格的基础上，利用有限元仿真技术进行几何、材料、工艺多因素综合的优化设计。

Experiment results show that the algorithm has the same complexity with TDS and achieves better performance.

对该问题寻求最优解在绝大多数的情况下是NP完全问题，各种优化算法在限制条件下得到次优解。基于任务

By using the theorem of alternative,we obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for strong efficient solutions to be the generalized saddle point in vector optimization problems with set-valued maps under the assumption of nearly cone-subconvexlikeness.

Yang[1]引进了近似锥-次类凸集值映射的概念，其他广义凸集值映射都是它的特殊形式。最近，Sach[2]在集值优化问题中引进了一种广义鞍点，通常的Lagrange泛函的鞍点是它的一种特殊形式。

The unoperated sides of the treated animals also served as controls. Six normal rats were treated as normal control group. Three different siRNA plasmid solution containing RC2-Ⅰ, MAFbx-Ⅱ, CON (50μl , 0.8μg/μl)was injected and transfected by electroporation as methods mentioned above, respectively. The changes of RC2 and MAFbx mRNA levels and RC2 protein levels after 3 days were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. On postoperative 2, 3 and 4 weeks, the rate of wet muscle weight preservation, mean diameter of muscle fiber and mean cross-section area of muscle fiber and muscle protein content were checked and then compared between group CON and group RC2 or group MAFbx, respectively. The differences between groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Ultrastructural changes of muscle fiber were observed at 2, 3, 4 weeks postoperation.Results GFP plasmid was efficiently deliverd into muscle by electroporation and robust GFP expression in muscle could be observed more than three weeks. Histology shows that injected plasmid DNA diffuses extensively in muscle tissue.

1、健康雌性SD大鼠18只，随机分为电穿孔组和非电穿孔组，每组9只，制作右下肢趾长伸肌失神经支配模型；EP组为将质粒pEGFP-N1溶液50μl(0.8μg／μl)注射入右趾长伸肌后，立即于两侧腱腹交接处给予电穿孔，电穿孔参数为：电场强度为200V／Cm，脉冲100μs，频率1Hz，施加10次脉冲；NEP组仅质粒pEGFP-N1溶液注射；转染后1、2、3周，荧光显微镜下观察趾长伸肌中GFP的表达情况，转染后1周行Western印迹检测趾长伸肌中GFP蛋白的表达情况，检测和优化体内转染效率。2、健康雌性SD大鼠78只，随机分为失神经对照组、RC2基因治疗组(RC2组)，MAFbx基因治疗组，每组24只，制作右下肢趾长伸肌失神经支配模型，余6只为正常组；分别将含CON、RC2、MAFbx基因的siRNA重组质粒注射入趾长伸肌，之后给予电穿孔，方法同上；治疗后3天实时定量PCR和Western印迹检测各组中RC2或MAFbx基因的mRNA和蛋白的表达变化，治疗后2、3、4周检测各组肌湿重维持率、肌细胞直径和肌细胞截面积，肌细胞超微结构变化以及肌纤维中蛋白含量变化。

It is also found that the spurious dipoles are unstable in different inverse problem solution.

反之，目标函数可以得到极小优化，但出现多余的伪偶极子，且这些伪偶极子在多次不同条件的反演结果中，处于不稳定状态。

Vector network analysis was used to measure the impedance and bandwidth of t...

使用微波矢量网络分析仪测量了改造后冲击器的阻抗、散射参数和高次模，并与优化计算做了比较。

Quadratic regression orthogonal rotational combing design was used to determine the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis process. Anthrone colorimetry's method was used to measure the carbohydrates content, pH-stat method to measure the degree of hydrolysis and Kjeldahl's method to measure the recovery of protein.

采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计优化直接酶解米糠制备短肽的工艺条件，其中总糖含量测定采用蒽酮比色法，水解度(degree of hydrolysis， DH)采用pH-stat法，蛋白质回收率采用凯氏定氮法。

The majior contributions are summarized as follows:1. Enhanced the concept of min-max transfer capacity, which is the conservative transfer ability against the optimistic transfer ability that ATC evaluates.2. Constructed a TRM model of bi-level optimization based on leader-follower decision-making model, and an analytic method of computing TRM is proposed. A bi-section search algorithm simplifies and speeds up the calculation.3. Proposed the min-max transfer capability model considering steady voltage stability. The BiGA algorithm used in this model is shown to be robust.

本文针对这些问题，补充、提出了一些方法和见解，具体研究成果如下：1、针对ATC评估的是&乐观&情况下电网输电能力，提出了&保守&情况下的电网输电能力-至少传输容量的概念。2、提出基于主从决策的TRM双层优化模型，给出了TRM计算的解析方法，两次一维搜索的算法减小了TRM求解的难度，提高了计算速度。3、提出考虑静态电压稳定约束的至少传输容量评估模型，针对模型特点提出的BiGA算法具有较强的鲁棒性。

We presented a novel approach for empty space skipping for object-order volume rendering. A two-staged space skipping was introduced: the first stage applied bricking on a regular grid, and the second stage used octree to reach a finer granularity.

提出一种针对物体空间为序体绘制的空域跳过算法：采用双层次空间跳过，先以规则的数据分块作粗略地跳过，再以八叉树获得更高粒度的优化。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。