橐吾

In this thesis, the breeding system and reproductive strategies of the three species were observed and analysed. The adaptation and evolution of the genus Ligularia under the condition of psychro-environment were discussed.The result showed that the flowering and fruiting periods of the three species were from mid-June to the beginning of October, and their inflorescences were racemose arrangement with capitulum.

本研究全面观察分析青藏高原东缘分布的箭叶橐吾、黄帚橐吾和掌叶橐吾的繁育系统；研究箭叶橐吾和黄帚橐吾各自居群中有性生殖和克隆繁殖的权衡关系，分析克隆繁殖与生态适应，探讨橐吾属植物对高寒环境胁迫条件下的适应与进化。

Sagitta and L. virgaurea were suppressed due to interspecific competitions on the grassland, therefore the reproduction of the two plants mainly dependen on seeds.

箭叶橐吾和黄帚橐吾，在自然条件下，其克隆生长的根状茎，受到了草场其它生物的竞争而被抑制，主要进行有性生殖。

The results show that:①The mean length of Ligularia is the biggest, and the mean length of Ajania, Anaphalis and Artemisia is the smallest; the mean width of Aster and Ligularia is bigger than that of others; the mean length/width have lots of differences, the biggest being Senecio, and the smallest Artemisia.

①橐吾属连萼瘦果平均长度最大，亚菊属、香青属和蒿属连萼瘦果平均长度较小；紫菀属和橐吾属的平均宽度相对较大；长／宽的平均值在各属间相差很大，最大的为千里光属，蒿属最小。

Ligulariopsis is assigned as a new genus in Compositae by a Chinese plant taxonomist in 1996, and the new genus has close relationship with Ligularia and Cacalia .

假橐吾属是1996年由我国植物学家发现的一个菊科新属，与我们研究小组多年来进行植化研究的橐吾属和蟹甲草属具有密切亲缘关系。

ObjectiveTo provide the foundation for reasonable utilization by analyzing the liposoluble components of Ligularia fischeri.

目的通过研究分析蹄叶橐吾中的脂溶性成分，为蹄叶橐吾的开发和利用提供实验依据。

It was shown that there were 23 plants showing stronger inhibitory effect on Ligularia sagitata seed germination and reducing the seed germination index (M0.50), and there were nine plants that could significantly inhibited Ligularia sagitata but show less injurious effect and even promoting effect on the herbage.

结果表明：有23种供体材料对箭叶橐吾种子萌发具较强抑制作用，并降低了萌发指数(M0.50)；有9种供体植物显著抑制箭叶橐吾，同时对牧草的伤害较少甚至有促进作用。

PartⅣStudy on the chemical constituents of Ligularia atroviolaceaLigularia species is a perennial herb from Compositae,and mainly distributed in damp,shaded areas of western China,especially the provinces of Gansu, Sichuan and Yunnan.

第四部分黑紫橐吾化学成分研究黑紫橐吾Ligularia atroviolacea为菊科千里光族橐吾属多年生草本植物，生长于海拔3000-4000米的高山草地之中，广泛分布于我国云南西北部、四川、贵州、湖北西部和甘肃西南部等地。

The water extracts of the aboveground parts of 31 plants belonging to 13 families were used in the seed germination experiment of the major weed Ligularia sagitata and the herbage Elymus nutans in alpine and cold grassland in order to screen the plants that could inhibit Ligularia sagitata.

用13科31种植物地上部分的水浸液0.05g DWmL^(-1对高寒草场主要杂草箭叶橐吾和同域牧草垂穗披碱草进行种子萌发实验，旨在筛选能够抑制箭叶橐吾的植物种类。

Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210038 Abstract As a continuation of the previons two reports, 10 crude "Shanziwan" derived from the root and rhizoms of genus Ligularia were compared by microscopic study.

作者：张勉徐珞珊王峥涛赵显国徐国钧单位：中国药科大学生药学研究室(南京 210038)关键词：山紫菀类；橐吾属；性状和显微鉴别中草药991125摘要继前两报，继续对10种山紫菀类药材(基源为橐吾属 Ligularia 植物)的生药性状和显微鉴别特征进行报道。

Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210038 Abstract In a continual study of the Chinese Medicinal herb "Shanziwan" derived from the root and rhizome of Ligularia Cass.

作者：张勉徐珞珊王峥涛赵显国徐国钧单位：中国药科大学生药学研究室(南京 210038)关键词：山紫菀类；橐吾属；性状和显微鉴别中草药991225摘要继前3报，继续对11种山紫菀类药材(基源为橐吾属Ligularia植物)的生药性状和显微鉴别特征进行报道。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐