横向裂缝

Damages of bridge deck pavement emerge soon after opening to traffic, such as longitudinal, lateral and diagonal cracks as well as chuckhole, crackle and peeling.

有的甚至通车不久就出现了纵向、横向和斜向裂缝、坑洞、裂纹、起皮等病害。

Based on the shell element degraded from the continuous body, concrete and configured steels are modeled by the layered shell element, and the vertical steels burdened with added loads are completed by the combined shell element. Then, with the smeared crack model, associated flow rule and Madrid hardening model, the material nonlinearity of the concrete is depicted. The stiffness matrix of nonlinear thin-walled shell element is deduced. As for RC multi-T girders subjected to transverse loads, the properties, such as crack expanding and steel yielding, are studied.

基于实体退化壳单元理论，采用分层单元模拟了混凝土和构造钢筋，采用组合单元模拟了受力纵筋；并利用弥散裂缝模型、关联流动法则和Madrid强化准则等来描述了混凝土的材料非线性，推导了非线性薄壁壳单元的统一单元模式，研究了横向荷载作用下RC多T梁上部结构的裂缝发展和钢筋屈服等性能。

Researched the reservoir developed feature and changing regularity laterally,predicted the reservoir distributing regularity,established the reservoir geological pattern, synthetically evaluated and predicted good reservoir distribution and favorable exploring goal .point out that the reservoir interzone was fissure-pore type, outer zone were fissure-hole and cave types,what was significant to the next exploration.

对单井剖面的储层发育特征，储层横向变化规律的研究，分析预测了储层的发育分布规律，建立了储层地质模型，综合评价预测了优质储层的分布和有利的勘探方向，指出内带主要以裂缝—孔隙型储层为主，外带以裂缝—孔洞型、孔洞型储层为主。这对该区的下一步勘探具有重要的现实意义。

Adopting three-element (igneous facies, fracture motion and rock bending) geologic comprehensive reservoir evaluation technique and deep-shallow unconventional laterolog constrained inversion technique, lateral prediction of fractured reservoir such as Shang 741 is taken and nonhomogeneity quantification models of reservoirs are established.

采用基于火成相-断裂活动-岩层弯曲的三元地质综合储层评价技术、火成岩裂缝型储层的深-浅侧向非常规测井约束地震反演技术等先进技术方法，对商741等裂缝性储层进行横向预测，建立储层非均质定量模型。

As the aeolotropism development of cracks in carbonate reservoir, so far not a very good seismic reservoir crosswise prediction method application for the aeolotropism carbonate reservoir, especially in the seismic, logging joint inversion, is mainly continues to use the reservoir crosswise prediction method that suitable for the isotropic clastic rock reservoir.

由于碳酸盐岩储层裂缝发育的非均质性，到目前为止还没有一套推广应用很好的针对碳酸盐岩非均质性储层进行地震储层横向预测的方法，尤其是在地震、测井联合反演方面，主要是沿用适合于较均质的碎屑岩储层地震横向预测技术。

Single-Event Cracking Temperature of Asphalt Pavements Directly from Bending Beam Rheometer Data Aroon Shenoy1 Abstract: Asphalt pavements under low temperature conditions develop transverse cracks as a result of one or a combination of three distress mechanisms:（1）single-event thermal cracking;（2）thermal fatigue; and（3）load-associated thermal cracking.

单项裂解温度的沥青路面，直接从弯梁流变数据aroon shenoy1摘要：沥青路面在低温条件下，发展横向裂缝是由于一项或多项三名遇险机制：( 1 )单项的热裂解；( 2 )热疲劳；( 3 )负荷相关热裂解。

The results show that the original fissure field has characteristics such as the horizontal development of micro-cracks,fissures were fill with filling material,as well as part of the development of vertical cracks,broken.The rock fissures has characteristics such as the intersection cracks in high-angle vertical,and along with reducement of the distance from the roof,gradually development to the broken c...

研究得出原生裂隙场具有绝大多数发育横向微裂隙，裂隙被充填物所充填以及部分发育纵向裂隙，较破碎的特点；采动岩体裂隙则具有发育纵横交错的相交裂缝，以高角度纵向裂缝为主，且随着离煤层顶板距离减小，并逐步向破碎型裂缝发展的特点。

Longitudinal crack, transverse crack and binding course failures are often occurred with high frequency in asphalt pavement of long-span steel bridges. Researchers all over the world have done a lot of work to study these problems from the point of the mechanical properties of pavement.

中文摘要：大跨径钢桥的桥面铺装常常出现纵向裂缝、横向裂缝、粘结层失效或脱层等病害，针对这些问题，国内外科研人员从铺装层受力的角度，进行了大量的研究工作。

5Oil and gas were controlled by the structure formed by superposition of tectonic movement in the early and late Hercynian which resulted in palaeogeomorphology and degree of fracture growing. The latter decided the flowing direction of palaeocurrent and the degree of corrosion,which is the main factors of karstification.Especially,the superimposition of palaeostructure and Akekule uplift is the most favorable area for karst and fracture growing.The ubiquitous high angle fracture made all kinds of vugs into a large scale storage,so the fracture-vug system was divided into some blocks in the main oil zone on the plane.

5塔河油田的油气分布受控于海西早、晚期构造运动叠加形成的构造格架，古构造叠加的结果控制了古地貌和裂缝发育强度，古地貌和裂缝发育强度控制了古水系的流动方向及溶蚀深度，它们是岩溶作用发育的主控因素，特别是海西晚期形成的古构造与阿克库勒凸起轴部的叠合部位是岩溶、裂缝最发育的地区，普遍存在的高角度裂缝在三维空间将各类岩溶孔洞连通为大规模的储集体，从而造成主油区大型缝洞系统横向上的分区性。

It is suggested that the permissible crack width recommended in the current code may be increased, however, attention should be paid to the logitudinal crack which spalls and destroys the cover ...

本文建议，现行规范中横向裂缝宽度限值可以适当放宽，然而对造成混凝士剥落和损坏的纵向裂缝必须引起注意。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。