横向结构

The transverse dynamic stiffness curve of a ship front shaft bracket ,and the transverse and longitudinal dynamic stiffness cruves of a back shaft bracket are obtained by means of experiment measurements.

采用实验方法对某舰尾轴架进行动刚度测量，得到了前尾轴架的横向动刚度曲线，后尾轴架的横向和纵向动刚度曲线；分析尾轴架的动刚度曲线，可得到尾轴架结构的固有频率。

The transverse dynamic stiffness curve of a ship front shaft bracket,and the transverse and longitudinal dynamic stiffness cruves of a back shaft bracket are obtained by means of experiment measurements.Analyses of these curves make the natural frequencies of the shaft brackets available.

采用实验方法对某舰尾轴架进行动刚度测量，得到了前尾轴架的横向动刚度曲线，后尾轴架的横向和纵向动刚度曲线；分析尾轴架的动刚度曲线，可得到尾轴架结构的固有频率。

In order to understand the seismic performance of the large complex structure with basement, the structure-pile-soil finite element model of two typical cross sections of the Tianjin Transportation Junction were established by using the ANSYS software. The elasto-plastic time history analysis was made, and the seismic responses of the whole system under the horizontal seismic load were got. Comparing the results of the seismic response with the rigid foundation model, some reasonable conclusions are drawn.

为弄清楚带有地下室大型复杂结构的抗震性能，本文针对天津站交通枢纽工程，分别取结构典型的横向及纵向剖面，应用大型通用有限元分析软件ANSYS，建立了结构－桩－土体系相互作用的有限元模型，采用动力时程分析方法，研究体系在水平地震作用下的弹塑性动力反应规律，分析结构在地震动作用下的位移和内力的分布；并与假定刚性基础周边土简化为弹簧的结构模型的计算结果进行比较，通过两种模型的地震反应的对比分析，得到了一些有益的结论。

This title will do the architecture design for the office building and give some illumination , will tell of the disposal of structure and draw the reasonable columniation plan according to the architecture design and the correlative codes.

本文将对办公楼进行建筑设计，并对设计给予相应的说明，详诉本办公楼的结构布置，根据建筑设计和相关规范条款给出合理的柱网图；在综合考虑了结构在各种恒载、活载、风荷载以及地震荷载作用下的情形后，详细的分析了结构在风荷载和地震荷载作用下的横向和纵向的各种性能，具体的计算了结构的梁、柱的弯矩、轴力、剪力，并进行了相应的内力组合，并由此进行了框架配筋部分，最后完成了柱下独立基础的有关计算。

This method makes the complicated space structure calculation decompound into a couple of related plane problem. The bottom structure is supported by longitudinal beams in cross calculation, and then the cross forces and elastic supporting forces are obtained.

横向计算中，底部弹性支承在各纵梁上，可求得结构的横向受力与弹性支承反力；然后将弹性反力作为荷载，反向作用于纵梁上，进行纵梁的受力计算。

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Theobserved strain is 10~2 times as local point strain at the same observed stress.This indicates that macroscopical symmetrical rock is quasi-brittle materialwith microcosmic heterogeneousness and its macroscopical mechanicalbehavior is the results of reciprocity and magnification between microcosmiccharacteristic, not simple sum.(4) The degree of irregularity of strain increases with the number of cycle.But degree of irregularity of transverse strain fluctuates larger at the samecycle. Moreover degree of irregularity of transverse strain is larger than that ofaxial strain. This shows that deformation and failure of rock is process ofevolvement of small crack. Small crack evolves from even and out-of-orderstatus to heterogeneous and ordinal status.(5) Ultrasonic speed decreases with the number of cycle. The decreasecourse is such: Firstly, ultrasonic speed fluctuates in a steady scope in somecycles; And then ultrasonic speed quickly decreases to a certain more smallvalue; Afterwards in succedent cycles, ultrasonic speed fluctuates about thevalue. That is to say, ultrasonic speed fluctuates and decreases at intervals ofcycles. In deformation process of rock, quantitative change and qualitativechange of its small crack evolvement carry through crosswise.(6) Strength and modulus of rock decrease with exponential function asscale of specimens increases.

同一表观应力下，局部点应变与表观应变相差可达2个数量级，表明宏观上均匀的岩石是具有细观特征的准脆性材料，其宏观力学行为是细观特征相互作用、放大的综合结果，而不是简单的叠加；(4)岩样轴向应变不均匀程度和横向应变不均匀程度随循环次数的增加渐进增大，但是在同一个循环内，横向应变离散系数随应力的变化波动较大，且同一循环级别下，横向应变不均匀程度大于轴向应变不均匀程度，表明岩石内部微裂纹的演化是岩石变形破坏的本质特征，这一演化表现为微裂纹从均匀无序分布逐渐向非均匀有序发展；(5)随循环次数的增加，所有岩样内部超声波速会出现衰减，衰减过程表现为在某几次循环内超声波速在某一相对范围内波动，然后急剧减小到某一较小值，在随后的循环内，超声波速又会保持在这一较小值附近波动，即超声波速表现为波动和急剧减小间隔形式衰减，表明从宏观看来平稳的岩石变形过程，内部结构演化过程(微裂纹发展及其相互作用)却表现为均匀量变和突发质变不断交叉进行的现象；(6)岩石强度和弹性模量随尺度增大呈指数函数规律减小。

After studying the curve of the vibration frequencies, which are varying with the changing of the structural parameters such as the rigidity of pier, the rigidity of straining beam, the rigidity of truss, the high of pier, the width of deck, and so on, some rules about the changing of vibration frequencies and the influencing of the structure that vary with the parameters were achieved.

研究了桥墩刚度、横系梁刚度、桁架片刚度、桥墩高度、桥面宽度等参数对结构动力特性的影响，通过对结构的自振振型及频率进行相应分析，得出结构参数变化对结构的横向刚度、竖向刚度、纵向刚度和扭转刚度及其他动力特性的影响程度及规律。

Analysis result shows that the dynamic interaction between wheel and rail and the rail-pad force of the strengthened track are little bigger than those of the unstrengthened track,the safety grades of the tracks are same,the strengthened track can benefit to decrease the displacements of all components of track structure obviously,to restrain the deformation of track effectively,and to reinforce the stability of railway,especially the lateral displacement and the gauge enlargement of the strengthened rail are about 33% of original rail.

分析结果表明：强化后轨道结构的轮轨动态相互作用力及轨枕支点压力均较强化前的相应值略大，但皆属相同安全合格等级；强化轨道结构位移大幅度降低，有效抑制轨道结构变形，增强线路稳定性，尤其是钢轨横向位移和轨距动态扩大量较强化前下降十分显著，前者仅约为后者的1/3左右；强化轨道也有利于降低轨下结构振动和减轻列车提速后对轨下基础的破坏。

The main way of the method of beam grid is to simulate the top structure with a equivalent beam grid, and concentrates the scattered bending rigid and tension rigid in slab or box beam into the close equivalent beam grid, and the longitudinal rigid of the real structure is concentrated in longitudinal beam rigid, and the lateral rigid is concentrated in lateral beam rigid.

梁格法的主要思路是将上部结构用一个等效梁格来模拟，将分散在板式或箱梁每一区段内的弯曲刚度和抗扭刚度集中于最邻近的等效梁格内，实际结构的纵向刚度集中于纵向梁格构件内，而横向刚度则集中于横向梁格构件内。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。