横向的

This method is clear in concept, calculated simply , results accurately in calculation, and used on site conveniently, which provides scientific fact for the correct discription of casing string flexural equation ,accurate calculation of casing flexural deform, and reasonable determination of centralizer position.

但这种计算模式都是基于轴向力为零，只考虑了套管自重引起的横向均布荷载对挠曲变形产生的影响，因此，这种方法仅仅适用于计算"中和点"附近套管柱挠曲变形量这种特殊情况。更加普遍的情况是，套管不仅受自重引起的横向分力的影响，还受轴向力的作用。

With the height increasing, it grew gradually creepily and then horizontally. For the genet, it grew faster at the horizontal level than at the vertical spread. This resulted in morphology change of the genet and more movement. Therefore, it could occupy more space and nutritional resource.

再生分蘖开始表现为纵向生长，随着株高的增加，逐渐匍匐转为横向生长，基株横向扩展高于纵向扩展的速度，致使基株的形态发生变化，增加了基株的移动性、使其能获取更多的空间和资源。

The air conditioner forced draft fan ventilates the way to have longitudinal and the crosswise two kinds generally, the lateral ventilation the air current overflow sectional area is big, the wind speed is small, easy to create the big area the dead angle, but longitudinal ventilates the air current the overflow sectional area to be small, the wind speed is big, the dead angle area is very small.

冷风机通风方式一般有纵向和横向二种，横向通风的气流过流断面积大、风速小，容易造成较大面积的死角，而纵向通风气流的过流断面积小，风速大，死角面积很小。在使用条件许可的情况下，应该尽可能采用先进的纵向通风方式。

The empirical analysis based on China's data shows that the ratio of research funds from enterprises and its sum is direct proportional to university's teaching quality but inverse proportional to university's research level, and university's teaching quality and research level are very important for university to attract funds from enterprises.

基于中国数据的实证分析表明：高校横向科研经费占科研经费总和的比例与高校教学质量成正向变动的关系，与高校科研水平成反向变动的关系；高校教学质量和科研水平是影响其吸引横向资金的能力的重要因素。

By Galerkin meshless method, the equations of motion of static rectangular membrane is established. The first ten natural frequencies of the different aspect ratios and the different pull ratios of rectangular membrane with four clamped edges, three clamped edges and one free edge, two opposite free edges and other two clamped edges were calculated. It is feasible and valid to solve the transverse vibration problem of membrane by Galerkin meshless method.

采用伽辽金无网格法，建立了矩形薄膜横向自由振动的运动方程，并对四边固支、三边固支一边自由、一对边固支另一对边自由三种边界条件下，薄膜的不同长宽比及不同单位长度拉力比作用下的矩形薄膜的前十阶固有频率进行了数值计算，结果说明伽辽金无网格法用于求解薄膜横向振动问题是切实可行的。

New multi—objectives function (including mill stand longitudinal stiffness, distribution coefficient of loaded pressure between rolls, weight of mill stand, rolling power, rolls loaded gap profile changeability of bending force, transverse mill stand stiffness of bending force, transverse mill stand stiffness of rolling load) multi—constraints (including rolls strength, spindle strength, backup roll bearing load, minimum rollable gauge, roll surface temperature rise) rolls system parameters optimization model of four—high cold strip mill is established, and programme for mill structural illustration creation on the platform of AutoCad designs is compiled. With this as basis, rolls system parameters of Yichang thin strip corporation's 1219 cold mill are calculated using SUMT (subsequent unconstrained minimization technology).

本文建立了以板形和板凸度控制特性为目标的四辊轧机多目标函数（包括轧机纵向刚度、辊间压力分布系数、轧机重量、功率、弯辊力对轧机辊缝形状改变能力、对弯辊力的横向刚度、对轧制力的横向刚度）、多约束条件（包括轧辊强度、接轴强度、支承辊轴承负荷、最小可轧厚度、轧辊温升等）的辊系参数优化模型，以此模型为基础，利用惩罚函数法计算了益昌薄板公司1219冷轧机辊系参数，编制了AutoCAD平台下的轧机结构示意图自动图形软件。

For the plane wave of laser without pulse shape, we derive the express of electron trajectory by the relative Lorentz and energy equations. Note that the orbit of electron becomes a "fat-8" in the average rest frame. For the plane wave of Gaussian laser, we may know that, through relative Hamilton-Jacobi equation, electrons are accelerated in the front of pulse and decelerated backward. Whereas for the non-plane wave of Gaussian laser, we solve the Lorentz and energy equations by fourth order Runge-Kutta method.

对于无脉冲形状的激光平面波是从考虑了相对论效应的Lorentz方程和能量方程出发，得到了电子的运动轨迹方程表达式，在纵向平均速度参照系下该电子的轨迹呈现"8"字形；对于高斯型单色激光平面波是从相对论Hamilton-Jacobi方程出发，得到激光平面波在脉冲前沿加速电子而脉冲后沿减速电子，电子能量增益为零；而对于高斯型单色激光非平面波是从拉格朗日运动方程和能量方程出发，通过四阶Runge-Kutta法数值求解，得到电子在纵向有质动力、横向电场作用下加速电子，最后在强大的横向有质动力作用下从脉冲侧面散射出去，可以获得很大能量增益本文得到了相应的电子瞬时动量解析表达式。

First of all, the report introduced evolution, achievments and problems in the study of anisotropy in the inner of earth. The first-order hyperbolic system of equations is work out, which is used to describe the wave motion in 2D transversely isotropic media. Utilizing the characteristics of free-divergence, We have imposed MacCormack theme that is used to simulate multicomponent records in anisotropic media and have developed a fast high order vectorized finite-difference algorithm adapted for the vector supercomputer.

本文首先阐述了地球内部介质各向异性研究的沿革、成就和问题，接着给出了描述二维横向各向同性介质中波动的一阶双曲型方程，利用其自由发散特性，构制了各向异性介质中多波多分量地震记录数值模拟的MacCormack算式，导出了适用于并行计算的二维横向各向同性介质中波动的有限差分模拟算子，该算子具有可并行化计算、相位差小等优点。

Division of a basin into several fluid dynamic systems is a complex procedure which needs a comprehensive study and inference on tectonics, stratigraphy, temperature, fluid dynamics and fluid geochemistry, and the relation between temperature and pressure. Its main objectives are the vertical division of several systems and determination of influenced area by lateral gravity-driven fluid flow.

而在盆地内进行纵、横向上流体动力系统的划分，是一个基于构造、地层、温度、流体动力和流体化学等方面以及温度-压力关系综合分析的一个十分复杂的资料整理、信息加工和逻辑推理过程，其目的主要是在纵向上把控制油气成藏的不同的流体动力系统分开，在横向上确定重力驱动流侵入的范围。

In this paper,a combined study was curried out for interpreting structure,distribution and tension of fault, wave field effect, heat state and nonelastic medium by explosion seismic Sounding, ZD and 3D long period surface waves of earthquake,magnetotelluric deep sounding,heat flow survey,the mechanism of tectonic movement and deep internal processes in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

地壳到地幔速度结构的纵向结构变化，横向分区和走时残差随深度的显著变化，板块边界的地球物理异常场效应，垂直向差异显著的地壳结构与深大断裂体系，低速层的变异、分布、尖灭与缺失，以及近代火山活动地区典型的地热活动特征等，不仅说明构造异常，而且也说明了青藏高原地壳与上地幔在纵向与横向上都不均匀。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。