横向

This method is clear in concept, calculated simply , results accurately in calculation, and used on site conveniently, which provides scientific fact for the correct discription of casing string flexural equation ,accurate calculation of casing flexural deform, and reasonable determination of centralizer position.

但这种计算模式都是基于轴向力为零，只考虑了套管自重引起的横向均布荷载对挠曲变形产生的影响，因此，这种方法仅仅适用于计算"中和点"附近套管柱挠曲变形量这种特殊情况。更加普遍的情况是，套管不仅受自重引起的横向分力的影响，还受轴向力的作用。

Zhang Bing filter head from the filter and filter-the first component, the overall injection from its main features is the first filter for Taiwan hollow circular shape, the first by the filter at the top, strip-joints, vertical plate, horizontal plate, filter The first floor composed of horizontal and vertical plate plate symmetrical side of the first set in the filter, filter them by the side of the first formation of a number of strip-joints; par for the hollow tubular filter, filter and the filter rod first floor Phase grounding Department of thread, filter and the filter head-intracavity Intracavity the same, in the filter at a lower open air intake and intake slit, the filter is not closed at the bottom of the same with the outside world.

该长柄滤头由滤头和滤杆组成，整体注塑而成，其主要特点是滤头为中空圆台体形，由滤头顶部、条形孔缝、竖向导流板、横向导流板、滤头底板组成，竖向导流板和横向导流板对称设置在滤头侧面，并由它们在滤头侧面形成若干条形孔缝；滤杆为中空管状，滤杆上与滤头底板相接处有外螺纹，滤杆内腔与滤头内腔相通，滤杆中下部开有进气孔和进气缝，滤杆底部不封闭与外界相通。

The primary reason for this is that bubbles coalesce with horizontal jet.

探讨了水平射流横向脉动的原因，发现气泡与水平射流的合并是水平射流横向脉动的主要原因。

Numerical method is used to investigate the bogie's ateral stability under diverse nonlinear factors. The influence of nonlinearities and conicity on the critical speed is investigated. The nonlinear forces considered in the bogie system include creep-force between the rail and wheel, longitudinal damping and the flange contact force.

利用数值方法研究了不同非线性力作用下转向架的横向稳定性，得到轮轨饱和力、蠕滑力、纵、横向阻尼力、轮缘死区接触力、踏面斜率以及轮轨间隙对转向架系统线性、非线性临界速度的影响规律。

With the height increasing, it grew gradually creepily and then horizontally. For the genet, it grew faster at the horizontal level than at the vertical spread. This resulted in morphology change of the genet and more movement. Therefore, it could occupy more space and nutritional resource.

再生分蘖开始表现为纵向生长，随着株高的增加，逐渐匍匐转为横向生长，基株横向扩展高于纵向扩展的速度，致使基株的形态发生变化，增加了基株的移动性、使其能获取更多的空间和资源。

When a biaxially oriented plastics film is breadthwise stretched, the distribution of the crystallizability affected by the temperature and stress will be the most important factor of the thickness distribution.

本研究主要针对的是双向拉伸塑料薄膜横向拉伸成型技术，包括对横向拉伸后的应力以及相对结晶度分布的研究。

The air conditioner forced draft fan ventilates the way to have longitudinal and the crosswise two kinds generally, the lateral ventilation the air current overflow sectional area is big, the wind speed is small, easy to create the big area the dead angle, but longitudinal ventilates the air current the overflow sectional area to be small, the wind speed is big, the dead angle area is very small.

冷风机通风方式一般有纵向和横向二种，横向通风的气流过流断面积大、风速小，容易造成较大面积的死角，而纵向通风气流的过流断面积小，风速大，死角面积很小。在使用条件许可的情况下，应该尽可能采用先进的纵向通风方式。

This method makes the complicated space structure calculation decompound into a couple of related plane problem. The bottom structure is supported by longitudinal beams in cross calculation, and then the cross forces and elastic supporting forces are obtained.

横向计算中，底部弹性支承在各纵梁上，可求得结构的横向受力与弹性支承反力；然后将弹性反力作为荷载，反向作用于纵梁上，进行纵梁的受力计算。

To accelerate the widespread of Synchronous Chip Seal and improve the operation quality of Synchronous Chipsealer, key techniques which influence the operation quality is studied detailedly, including the control of distributing quality, the dynamics characteristics of hydraulic system and the spray characteristics of asphalt nozzle of Synchronous Chipsealer.1 The factors which influence Synchronous Chip Seal quality are studied. Fiducial probability of simultaneous distribution density is advised to be used in evaluating the distribution bias and standard deviation of asphalt and aggregates simultaneously, which is more advanced than the single index evaluation method used before.2 The volume efficiency formula of asphalt pump is revised after analyzing the data of volume efficiency with mathematical statistics, which is helpful to match the asphalt spray system and control the flow out of asphalt pump accurately. With equation deduction and experiment, dynamic of hydraulic system used in Synchronous Chipsealer is studied, which lay the theory foundation on improving the stability and efficiency from design and controlling.4 Simulation on hydraulic system used in Synchronous Chipsealer is done with AMESim; the results indicate that multi-circle parallel connected hydraulic system with constant pressure power is better than that with load-sensing pressure power at present, because the latter will oscillate when the multi circles work at the same time. This conclusion has been proved during the debug of Synchronous Chipsealer.5 Asphalt nozzle characteristics, such as flat jet shape, flow distribution, are studied with experiment, the results indicate that cross quality of asphalt distributing is not increased linearly follow the increase of fan overlap level, the best point usually exists between two whole overlap level, asphalt distributing quality is better than±4% at the 2.5 overlap level, meets the superior specified in standard; The distribution quality of Synchronous Chipsealer can be increased by spray asphalt of different flow rang with nozzle of different diameter

为了加快同步碎石封层技术的推广，提高同步碎石封层设备的作业质量，本文对同步碎石封层设备作业质量的影响因素与控制方法、液压系统的动力学特性和沥青喷嘴的喷洒特性等关键技术进行了深入细致的研究：1研究了影响同步碎石封层作业质量的因素，提出了采用联合密度分布置信概率对同步碎石封层中沥青洒布量和碎石撒布量的系统偏差和标准差指标进行综合评价的方法，克服了传统评价方法只能对单一指标进行评价的缺陷；2采用数理统计的方法，研究了沥青泵的容积效率特性，修正了沥青泵容积效率公式，为沥青喷洒系统的匹配和沥青泵出口流量的精确控制提供了依据；采用数理方程推导与试验相结合的方法，研究了同步碎石封层设备液压系统的动力学特性，为从设计和控制的角度提高同步碎石封层设备液压系统的稳定性和效率奠定了理论基础；3运用AMESim软件对采用负载敏感控制和恒压控制的两种同步碎石封层设备液压系统进行仿真，结果表明：负载敏感控制的并联液压系统在多回路同时工作时，由于液压泵排量控制参考压力不稳定，容易引发液压系统振荡，恒压控制的并联液压系统是目前技术条件下比较理想的同步碎石封层设备工作装置驱动方案；该结论亦通过同步碎石封层设备装机试验得到了验证。4采用试验的方法对沥青喷嘴的喷洒特性进行了研究，结果表明：沥青洒布的横向精度并不是随着喷洒扇面重叠度的增加线性增加，其最高点通常出现在二个重叠度之间的"半重叠位置"，"2.5重叠"洒布时，沥青的横向洒布精度≤±4%，可以达到国家相关标准中的优级标准；同步碎石封层设备还可以根据不同洒布量情况下的流量需求，采用不同通径的喷嘴进行喷洒，提高沥青洒布精度。

Based on the point spread function of holographic system, the lateral resolution of digital holographic imaging system without any pre-magnification is studied.

基于全息系统的点扩散函数，研究了无预放大的数字全息成像系统的横向分辨率，给出了该系统横向分辨率极限的正确表达式。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。