横向

Though, the lateral resolution of CM has been enhanced to be 1.4 times of that of a conventional optical microscope under the same aperture focus ratio, it is still two orders of magnitude lower than the axial resolution of itself.

然而，尽管共焦显微镜的横向分辨力已提高到相同孔焦比的普通光学显微镜的1.4倍，但与其本身的轴向分辨力相比，横向分辨力仍低2个数量级，因此进一步改善共焦显微镜横向分辨力的研究显得尤为迫切。

The low-dimensional Galerkin method is generalized to solve the flow around arbi-trarily translating circular cylinder.Active control problems of wakes behind circularcylinders are numerically investigated by only small number of modes.The in-line andtransverse oscillation of a circular cylinder with proper frequency produce Karman vor-tex street successfully in some subcritical regime,vhereas the transverse oscillation of acircular cylinder with 1.8 times the natural shedding frequency can effectively suppressthe Karman vortex street at a slightly supercritical Re.

将低维Galerkin方法推广至可以求解任意平移运动圆柱的绕流问题，用较少的模数值研究了圆柱尾迹的主动控制问题，在亚临界Re数下圆柱以适当的频率沿流向和横向振动均成功地激发出Karman涡街；而在略高于临界Re数下圆柱以1.8倍自然脱涡频率沿横向振动明显地抑制了Karman涡街；再现了超临界Re数横向及流向振动圆柱绕流的频率锁定等复杂非线性现象。

Finally it analyzes the feasibility that using hydromechanics to analyze traffic flow by contrasting various characters between traffic flow and fluid flow. It analyzes influence of road alignment to basic expressway segment capacity by hydromechanics, and obtains viscous resistance and viscous movement differential equation when the vehicle drives on circular curve segment of expressway. And it infers that viscous resistance is correlated with sideway force coefficient, slope of crown and radius of circular curve. Radius of circular curve, sideway force coefficient and slope of crown are bigger, viscous resistance is smaller, the influence to capacity is smaller when the vehicle is running on nearside lane of circular curve; but radius of circular curve and sideway force coefficient are bigger, slope of crown is smaller, viscous resistance is smaller, the influence to capacity is smaller when the vehicle is running on fast lane of circular curve.

最后通过对比交通流与流体流的相似性，运用流体力学分析了道路线形对快速路基本路段通行能力的影响，求出了车辆在曲线路段的粘性阻力，建立了车辆在曲线路段的粘性运动微分方程，并由此推知，粘性阻力与横向力系数、路拱横坡度和圆曲线半径都有关系，当车辆在圆曲线外侧车道上行驶时，圆曲线半径、横向力系数和路拱横坡度越大，粘性阻力就越小，对道路的通行能力影响就越小；而当车辆在圆曲线内侧车道上行驶时，圆曲线半径和横向力系数越大，路拱横坡度越小，粘性阻力就越小，对道路的通行能力影响就越小。

Crosswise coupling disturbance of a loading system with multiple degree of freedom is analyzed.

针对多自由度加载系统中存在的横向耦合干扰问题进行了理论分析，推导出横向耦合干扰的数学计算公式，并提出了横向耦合干扰的补偿方案

The assessment formula for shear capacity was established as well, and in which various impact factors of shear strength was considered comprehensively.3. Directed against the main forms of transverse connection in concrete beam bridges, model test and finite element analysis were carried out to find the impact laws of damage on concrete T-beam bridges, in which the three ways of hinged joint, flange rigid connection and cross slab rigid connection were considered. Transverse distribution and degenerate state of transverse connection were studied under various damage conditions. Based on the analysis of test and simulation results, the rule of live load adjustment coefficient of T-beam bridge was put forward, as well as the calculation formula.4. In view of the influence of the damaged transverse connections to load effect, the load effect model was amended by live load adjustment coefficient.

依据损伤出现频率与重要性等级，提出典型损伤混凝土梁式桥按体系损伤、构件损伤和材料损伤三个层次进行评定的原则。2、基于构件和材料层次损伤评估研究成果，对比分析损伤机理和适用条件，提出了《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》(JTG D62-2004)抗弯承载力修正计算公式、抗剪承载力修正计算公式以及综合考虑抗剪强度影响因素的抗剪承载力评定公式。3、针对混凝土梁式桥主要横向连接形式，分别按铰结、翼缘刚接和横隔梁刚性连接损伤对T桥梁桥承载能力的影响进行了模型试验和有限元分析，研究了不同损伤工况对T梁桥荷载横向分配的影响及横向连接状态退化情况。

Theobserved strain is 10~2 times as local point strain at the same observed stress.This indicates that macroscopical symmetrical rock is quasi-brittle materialwith microcosmic heterogeneousness and its macroscopical mechanicalbehavior is the results of reciprocity and magnification between microcosmiccharacteristic, not simple sum.(4) The degree of irregularity of strain increases with the number of cycle.But degree of irregularity of transverse strain fluctuates larger at the samecycle. Moreover degree of irregularity of transverse strain is larger than that ofaxial strain. This shows that deformation and failure of rock is process ofevolvement of small crack. Small crack evolves from even and out-of-orderstatus to heterogeneous and ordinal status.(5) Ultrasonic speed decreases with the number of cycle. The decreasecourse is such: Firstly, ultrasonic speed fluctuates in a steady scope in somecycles; And then ultrasonic speed quickly decreases to a certain more smallvalue; Afterwards in succedent cycles, ultrasonic speed fluctuates about thevalue. That is to say, ultrasonic speed fluctuates and decreases at intervals ofcycles. In deformation process of rock, quantitative change and qualitativechange of its small crack evolvement carry through crosswise.(6) Strength and modulus of rock decrease with exponential function asscale of specimens increases.

同一表观应力下，局部点应变与表观应变相差可达2个数量级，表明宏观上均匀的岩石是具有细观特征的准脆性材料，其宏观力学行为是细观特征相互作用、放大的综合结果，而不是简单的叠加；(4)岩样轴向应变不均匀程度和横向应变不均匀程度随循环次数的增加渐进增大，但是在同一个循环内，横向应变离散系数随应力的变化波动较大，且同一循环级别下，横向应变不均匀程度大于轴向应变不均匀程度，表明岩石内部微裂纹的演化是岩石变形破坏的本质特征，这一演化表现为微裂纹从均匀无序分布逐渐向非均匀有序发展；(5)随循环次数的增加，所有岩样内部超声波速会出现衰减，衰减过程表现为在某几次循环内超声波速在某一相对范围内波动，然后急剧减小到某一较小值，在随后的循环内，超声波速又会保持在这一较小值附近波动，即超声波速表现为波动和急剧减小间隔形式衰减，表明从宏观看来平稳的岩石变形过程，内部结构演化过程(微裂纹发展及其相互作用)却表现为均匀量变和突发质变不断交叉进行的现象；(6)岩石强度和弹性模量随尺度增大呈指数函数规律减小。

In the study of firm's horizontal merger under open economy, we used the differential analysis way under game model. The result reveals the relationship of the condition in international trade and the social welfare effects in firm's horizontal merger under an international competitive industry.

在本文利用博弈模型下的微分分析技术对开放经济下企业横向兼并的福利影响进行的研究中，揭示了企业横向兼并的福利影响与国际贸易状况之间的紧密联系，得出了各种不同情况下横向兼并所产生的社会福利影响，从而给出了一组具有系统性的分析结论。

The results showed that,the sound pressure level increased significantly when narrow transverse groove was used;the effect of speed on the sound pressure level was greater than loading;the noise of S-shaped straight groove was lower,and the difference of sound pressure level between positive and negative rotation was small;the sound pressure level of 15° oblique groove was higher than 0° and 15° alternate groove,but the difference of sound pressure level between positive and negative rotation of 0° and 15° alternate groove was bigger.

结果表明，无论加刻什么类型的横向细沟槽，声压级都大幅升高；速度对声压级的影响程度大于负荷；在3种类型的横向细沟槽中，S形直沟槽噪声较小，且正、反转时声压级差异小；15°斜沟槽声压级较0°与15°交替排列沟槽略高，但0°与15°交替排列沟槽的正转和反转声压级差异较大。关键词：轮胎；轮胎噪声；胎面花纹；横向细沟槽中图分类号：TQ336.1；TB533+。2文献标识码：B文章编号：1006-8171(2009)

The spatial distribution of intra-node flux and source were approximated by a new orthogonal quadratic polynomial expansion, and a second-order polynomial provided the spatial expansion of transverse-leakage. The neutron angular distribution of flux and transverse-leakage were represented by the S quadrature set.

节块内横向积分通量、中子源的空间分布使用新的正交二次多项式近似；横向泄漏项的空间分布使用二阶多项式近似；中子通量和横向泄漏的角度通过离散纵坐标S

In accordance with the needs of solving problems, mold experiments carried out are as follows:(1) Testing flexural normal stress, shearing stress and shearing force stagnant effect of molds of organic glass and load's lateral distribution coefficient of beam's ribs;(2) Testing rigid torsion and distortion effect of molds of organic glass;(3) Testing cap plates' vertical and lateral efficient load working breadth of molds of organic glass;(4) Testing lateral frame's bending moment of molds of organic glass within the range of their working breadth;(5) Experiment on respondency of dynamic force of molds of organic glass.

根据解决问题的需要，所作的模型试验有：⑴测试有机玻璃模型的弯曲正应力、剪应力、剪力滞效应和箱梁梁肋荷载横向分布系数；⑵测试有机玻璃模型的刚性扭转和畸变效应；⑶测试有机玻璃模型顶板纵向、横向荷载有效工作宽度；⑷测试有机玻璃模型载荷在工作宽度范围内的横向框架弯矩；⑸有机玻璃模型的动力响应试验。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。