模拟

Multiple trials is the basic concept of many parallel simulated annealing. It is to perform multiple trials at the same time to search acceptable solutions. The division simulated annealing with no communication and The clustering simulated annealing are two common types of parallel simulated annealing methods. The division simulated annealing with no communication makes each processor generate its own adjacent solution from its own current solution and compute the acceptance probability for a adjacent solution. Each of the processors searches solutions without communicating each other. Clustering simulated annealing makes each processor generate its own adjacent solution from a common current solution and compute the acceptance probability for each adjacent solution. Then, it decides which adjacent solution should be used to replace current solution according to a pre-specified rule.

许多平行模拟退火法之理论依据为多向试验，利用同一时间探索更多方向的试验来拓展搜寻的广度或深度，不进行沟通的分工模拟退火法(the division simulated annealing with no communication)以及丛集模拟退火法(the clustering simulated annealing)皆为平行化的模拟退火法，前者定义为各个处理器针对各自的起始解进行搜寻，产生各自的搜寻序列，在搜寻过程中处理器不进行任何沟通，各处理器仅针对自身之目前解进行搜寻；而后者定义为让所有处理器针对同一目前解进行运算搜寻各自的可能解，并各自决定其产出解之接受机率，最后根据事先决定之规则进行沟通比较，挑选其中一个可接受解取代目前解。

The incorporated model is evaluated by simulation results of two different building aerodynamical scheme in southeast region of Beijing area, which are building drag scheme and aerodynamical urban canopy scheme. The conclusions are drawn by the comparisons between the simulation results of the wind speed and the observations of the automatic weather stations in the urban areas: the simulated results of incorporated model are more in reasonable agreement with the observations than that of building drag scheme, and the diurnal trend of that is more agreement with observations.

采用建筑物拖曳法和建筑物动力冠层方案两种不同建筑物动力学处理方法对北京地区东南部进行模拟，通过城市地区水平风速的模拟结果与自动气象站实测资料对比发现模拟结果与实测相当吻合，建筑物动力冠层方案的引入能够更好地实施对城市地区的水平风速分布的数值模拟。

The model incorporated with the aerodynamical urban canopy scheme is better to simulate the wind field on the urban areas.The conclusions are drawn by the comparisons between the simulation results of the building drag scheme and the aerodynamical urban canopy scheme in a real town: the simulated wind speed with the aerodynamical canopy scheme on the town areas is always lower than that on the surrounding rural areas, but that with the other scheme is not so.

分别采用建筑物拖曳法与建筑物动力冠层方案对一个实际小规模城市进行模拟试验，分析表明引入建筑物动力冠层方案可以模拟出小规模城市地区水平风速偏低的现象；还可以模拟出城市地区建筑物动力作用对湍流活动的影响；对湍流动能模拟结果表明比较符合实际分布情形。

In this paper, the bump patterns for flip-chip packages are discussed first, then an experiment is setup to study the dispensing phenomena for different bump patterns, and the CAE software is used to analyze and identify with experiment mutually. From these thorough comparisons and analytical analysis, the existence of channel could slow down the flow, the high density of bump could speed up the flow, and it could avoid the air trap by modified the bump and channel's arrangement on flip-chip package. Then flows in rectangular microchannels driven by capillary force and gravity are discussed; furthermore, the theoretical model of flow in microchannel driven by capillary force and gravity is formulated from the Navier-Stokes equations.

本文首先针对覆晶底部充填进行相关理论推导、实验与模拟，探讨不同凸块配置模型所造成的波前不平滑现象对底部充填流动的影响；即依据相关参数建立模型进行底部充填实验，同时以CAE(Computer-Aided Engineering)模流分析软体进行模拟，在完成理论探讨、实验与模拟分析之后，交叉比较理论、实验与模拟分析结果，归纳出影响底胶充填流动之因素，由结果显示在凸块密集度较高的区域，凸块可以帮助流动，但是在凸块区后方的沟槽区域则因为凸块区所提供之流量不足，所以会造成波前落后的现象，另外藉由修改凸块与沟槽配置的关系，可以有效的控制波前形状的变化情形，避免产生包风现象。

Based on modeling test in water tank, this paper employed three different iron blocks to model water-bearing bodies and enclosed plastic pipes or rounded wood strips to model roadways. It gave physical modeling of water-bearing bodies in the working face floor with parallel Bipole-Dipole method, made analysis on the character of electrical field and the law of apparent resistivity changing when the low resistivity abnormity bodies were placed flatly close to water level under semi-space condition and were placed flatly, vertically or aslope to the water level under whole-space condition.

本文以三种不同规格的铁块模拟含水体，以密闭的塑料管或木块条模拟巷道，通过水槽模拟实验，采用平行双极—偶极法进行了对工作面底板含水体的物理模拟，分析了低阻异常体铁块在半空间条件下近水面水平放置以及全空间条件下水平、垂直和倾斜放置时的电场特征和视电阻率变化规律。

The design of digital notch filters can be achieved through three steps:firstly,the design of analog lowpass filter; secondly,it is analog lowpass to analog band stop filter conversion;at last,using the bilinear transformation make the analog notch filters change into digital notch filters.

研究一种在Matlab语言环境下设计IIR数字陷波滤波器的方法，在数字陷波滤波器设计过程中，先进行模拟低通滤波器的设计，然后进行模拟低通/模拟带阻滤波器转换，最后采用双线性变化法将模拟陷波滤波器转化成数字陷波滤波器。

Firstly, this paper deeply studied the simulated evolution theory, demonstrated the feasibility of resolving the optimization problems in the thermodynamic control systems with simulated evolution theory, and through the analysis of the calculability of this theory, created the general frame of the simulated evolution algorithm and created the theoretical base for building the evolution optimizing architecture of thermodynamic control systems.

首先，对模拟进化理论进行深入研究，说明了运用模拟进化理论解决热力控制系统优化问题的可行性，并通过对模拟进化理论的可计算性分析，建立了模拟进化算法通用框架，为建立热力控制系统进化优化体系建立了理论基础。

Time series simulations are consistent with sediment records from lake bottom cores back to 100 years ago, and spatial distribution modeling of nutrient resources are agreement with changes in the geographical features. The work suggests that the simulations can catch basic characters of the basin nutrient changes, and provides a powerful tool to evaluate nutrient resources, sedimentations and distributions responding to historical changes in catchment environments.

模拟总氮和总磷浓度与太湖沉积钻孔沉积样推算的水体含量的数量级和变化范围相当，太湖流域的营养盐空间来源模拟也能够与流域自然地理变化吻合，表明模拟能够捕捉到流域营养盐历史变化特征，对湖泊营养物质来源、沉积和空间分布的流域环境历史变化响应具有良好模拟能力。

The aim of this study was an evaluation of the influence of HiLoon aerobic performance and its physical effects. Elite swimmers、 collegestudents major in physical education and rats were exposed to simulatedaltitude in a decompression chamber and the followings were investigated:(1) erythropoiesis and erythropoietin,(2)maximal oxygen uptake,(3)body weight and body composition,(4)serum parameters of metabolism andhormone,(5)erythropoietin gene expression in kidney and vascularendothelium growth factor gene expression in heart.1 Effects of simulated "living high-training low" on aerobic performancein elite swimmersFourteen swimmers (10 men, 4 women) from Shandong swimming team weredivided into two groups: experimental group (living high-training low,n=8,6men,2women),living at a simulated altitude of 2,800m for 13 to 14 hours per day for 3weeks in a decompression chamber and training at sea level; control group(living low-training low, n=6,4 men,2 women),living and training at sea level.

为系统探讨高住低练对机体有氧能力的影响及其机制，本研究利用低压舱来模拟高原气压条件，分别以优秀游泳运动员、体育专业大学生和大鼠为实验对象，从以下几个方面来初步探讨模拟高住低练对机体的影响：(1)红细胞生成和EPO，(2)最大摄氧量和无氧阈，(3)体重和身体成分，(4)血清物质代谢指标及激素水平，(5)大鼠肾脏EPO和心脏VEGF基因表达。1 模拟高住低练对优秀游泳运动员有氧能力的影响 14名山东省游泳队运动员(男10人，女4人)，随机分为两组：实验组(模拟高住低练组，男6，女2)和对照组(低住低练组，男4，女2)。

This paper studies the main geometrical parameter such as angle, height, width, stagger and the upper width in dentation and trapezoid flow path, firstly, uses the single-phase numerical simulation of the computational fluid dynamics technique to analyse the influence of different geometrical parameter on discharge coefficient and flow state exponent of drip emitter. Secondly, uses the two-phases numerical simulation of CFD (1% sand content ) to analyse the influence of the above mentioned geometrical parameter on the contribution regulation of sand and anti-clogging performance. Thirdly, uses the PIV （ particle Tracking Velocimetry ） technique which can see the small-scale flow path to observe and test the trajectories and velocities of solid particles in labyrinth flow path, and analyses the basic factors which can influence the movement characteristic of solid particles and the flow state in flow path.

本文以齿形流道、梯形流道为主要研究对象，以流道转角、流道高，流道宽、偏差量及梯形流道上底宽为主要结构参数，首先应用 CFD 单相流数值模拟技术对不同结构参数灌水器流道水力性能进行模拟，分析了不同结构参数对流态指数和流量系数的影响，其次，应用 CFD 两相流（含沙量为1%）数值模拟技术分析了结构参数对含沙量分布规律和抗堵塞性能的影响，然后，应用 PIV 可视化测试方法测试了固体颗粒在流道内运行轨迹及速度，分析了影响固体颗粒运动特性及流道内流体流态的基本因素，最后，对上述流道结构形式通过模具加工及滴灌带试制，进行了标准化测试（ GB/T 17187-1997 农业灌溉设备滴头技术规范和试验方法与 ISO 标准 ISO /TC23 /SC18 /WG5N4短周期堵塞测试程序），测试结果验证了 CFD 模拟结果，并提出了迷宫结构流道灌水器的抗堵塞设计方法。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。