模式标本

A biological specimen that is a duplicate of a holotype.

同模式标本：正模式标本复制品的生物标本 2。

A biological specimen that is the opposite sex of a holotype.

性模标本，异模式标本：与正模式标本性向相反的生物标本

There are many fish type localities for holotype or paratypes, which scatter in the neighborhood of Yunlong. The type localities and species can be protected indirectly by enhancing the protection ability of the reserve.

多种鱼的模式标本产地或副模标本产地散布在云龙县的邻近地区，加强保护区建设，间接地可起到保护临近模式标本产地及其种类的作用。

The Vietnamese material is dearly distinguished from the examined holotype (AMNH 8365)and paratypes (AMNH 10316, 10307) of Schistura fasciolata by the pelvic-fin origin situated below unbranched or first branched dorsal-fin ray (vs. pelvic-fin origin dearly in front of dorsal-fin origin in S.fasciolata).

越南采集的标本和横纹南鳅的模式标本（AMNH 8365）和副模式标本（AMNH 10316， 10307）有明显的差别，腹鳍起点位于不分支鳍条或第一分背鳍枝鳍的下方（vs S.fasciolata的腹鳍起点明显在背鳍起点的前方）。

Based on examinations of type specimens housed at PE, lectotypes for twenty names of Chinese taxa in Angiospermae are here designated under Article 8.1, 9.9, 9.10 and 37.2, Recommendation 9A.2 and 9A.3 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, because the types were respectively indicated by reference to a gathering that consists of more than one specimen, or more than one gatherings were simultaneously designated as types, or more than one gatherings were simultaneously designated, without indicating the type in the protologue.

西华师范大学生命科学学院，南充 637002摘要查阅保存于中国科学院植物研究所标本馆的模式标本，发现有20个被子植物名称的模式均多于壹份标本，或同时指定壹号以上的标本为模式，或同时引证壹号以上的标本而没指定模式，根据《国际植物命名法规》规则8.1、9.9、9.10和37.2，以及辅则9A.2和9A.3的精神，对这些名称做出后选模式指定。

Based on examinations of type specimens housed at PE, lectotypes for five names of Chinese taxa in Fagaceae, Papaveraceae, Capparidaceae and Cruciferae are here designated under Article 8.1, 9.9, 9.10 and 37.2, Recommendation 9A.2 and 9A.3 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, because the types were respectively indicated by reference to a gathering that consists of more than one specimen, or more than one gathering were simultaneously designated, without indicating the type in the protologue.

摘要查阅保存于中国科学院植物研究所标本馆的壳斗科、罂粟科、山柑科和十字花科植物的模式标本时，发现有5个植物名称的模式均多于1份标本，或同时引证1号以上的标本而没指定模式，根据《国际植物命名法规》规则8.1、9.9、9.10和37.2，以及辅则9A.2和9A.3的精神，对这些名称做出后选模式指定。关键词壳斗科；罂粟科；山柑科；十字花科；后选模式

In the present project,the project group investigated Cololejeunea flora of some provinces of China, collected over 500 specimens of Cololejeunea and over 7000 specimens of other liverworts,and borrowed over 3500 specimens （including 416 types）from other important herbaria. The species diversity and distribution weree clarified preliminary by means of mophologocal and ecologoical observation and studies on oil bodies and chromosomes as well as bioactivity of some species.

本项目对我国部分省区作了详尽的野外考察，采集了500余份我国疣鳞苔属的标本和7000多号其它苔类植物标本，从世界各大标本馆借阅了3500余份标本（包括416份模式标本），通过形态学，解剖学和生态学的观察，结合一些种类的染色体和油体以及生物活性的研究，初步搞清了我国和其它亚洲国家疣鳞苔属的种类和分布。

I examined the specimens deposited at PE, KUN, IBK, IBSC, and HIB. And I required to take a lot of photos of type specimens in Harvard University Herbarium and several photos of type specimens in the herbaria in China, or downloaded some photos of type specimens at the website of NY, K, US, and HK. I went to Yunnan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Guanxi to collect specimens and observed the kiwifruits cultivated in Wuhan Botanical Garden and Guangxi Institute of Botany. With reference to the results of previous authors, I recognized 52 species including 16 varieties of Actinidia.

作者查阅了中国科学院植物研究所国家植物标本馆、昆明植物研究所标本馆、广西植物研究所标本馆、华南植物园标本馆、武汉植物园标本馆的标本，并请求哈佛大学同行拍摄了大量保存在国外的模式标本的照片，从国外和国内一些标本馆相关的网站上下载一些模式照片，请求国内的同行帮助拍摄了少数模式标本的照片，到云南、重庆、湖北、湖南、广西、贵州进行野外考察，在武汉植物园和广西植物所的猕猴桃资源圃中对栽培的猕猴桃属植物进行观察，结合文献资料，对猕猴桃属植物的分类进行了全面的研究。

The Linnaean collection of the Herbarium contains the proposed lectotype of a species described by Linnaeus as well as iso-lectotypes and original material for several other Linnaean plant names.

该馆收藏的林奈标本包括林奈所描述物种的选模式标本，同源选模式标本和其他几种林奈植物名称的原始材料。

The above results are obtained besed on the observations of ptants in the field andcheck of the specimens in Herbarin in Chinaand Europe, including most of the type or isothpe specimens of the species of Vitaceae in a 《Floa of China》.

上属研究建立在多年野外观察和研究中国以及英国皇家植物园邱国、爱丁堡植物园和巴黎自然历史博物馆等欧洲主要标本馆藏标本基础之上，所研究标本包括了《中国植物志》中大多数种类的模式标本。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了