模型理论

The second type of model is the real business cycle model. This is a model that assumes Ricardian equivalence.

第二类模型是真实经济周期模型，即李嘉图模型，其理论前提是李嘉图等价。

The purpose of this study is to evaluate various data processing methods, including logarithmic transformation, robust statistics, excluding outliers and Box-Cox transformation for evaluating soil total P content with normal distribution. The result showed that Box-Cox transformation was applied in order to achieve normality in the data set and to dampen the effect of outliers. Geostatistical analyses were carried out, including calculation of experimental variograms and model fitting. The best theoretical model for semivariogram of soil total P were spherical model.

结果表明，Box-Cox转化成功地使数据集服从正态分布并消弱了异常值的影响，应用地统计学分析方法进行了实验变异函数的计算和最适合模型的拟合，得出土壤全磷最好的理论模型为球状模型，随后用普通克立格估值方法绘制了土壤全磷的空间分布图。

At first, on the basis of the combination research methods of analytical theory, numerical simulation and experiment, the mathematical and physical model of certain-length rolling process have been established. Then according to the established model, the menstruation of rolling average friction coefficient is proposed; and then the certain-length rolling process and key parameters are determined.

采用理论研究、数值模拟和实验研究相结合的研究方法，建立定长轧制物理模型和数学模型；基于所建模型，提出了一种测定轧制平均摩擦系数的方法；确定了定长轧制工艺方法和关键参数；分析了影响制件轧制长度的因素；对关键参数进行了数值模拟。

Following the symbolic/connectionist line,this paper explicates the theoretical background and the major developed models,among which the Sapper Model ...

本文依照符号论/连通论的主线探讨这门学科的理论背景和主要模型，并详细介绍计算隐喻模型的代表成果——Sapper模型。

Grey systems theory and method were used here, the article simulated shelf-life entironment at constant temperature 20℃, and constant humidity 90%, texture profile analysis(TPA tests in sarcocarp and core, were carried out and the texture parameters studied chewiness is found to be the diagnostic gene of shelf-life property changes, with grey model GM(1,1) and grey forecasting model based on chewiness were thus established. The veracity and applicabilidy of the grey forecasting model of carrot core were c...

本研究应用灰色系统理论及其方法，模拟货架期环境(恒温20℃、恒湿90%)，做了胡萝卜贮藏的果肉和果心的TPA测试，进行了质地特性参数的分析研究，得出咀嚼性是胡萝卜货架期品质变化的"特征因子"，并建立了基于咀嚼性的一阶灰色模型GM(1，1)和灰色预测模型，还通过论证与检验，确定了胡萝卜果心的灰色预测模型的准确性与可用性，从而为果蔬贮藏及货架期研究提供一个重要的认识工具。

Aimed at the scantiness of segment method which is used in comprehensive evaluation model of interval-number,based on reamer intercept method,considering the model s stability,using attribute recognition theoretical model for reference.

针对现有区间数综合评判模型中，生成区间数所依据的线段法的不足，以刀切法思想为基础，通过模型的稳定性分析，借鉴属性识别理论，提出了一种以增强模型稳定性为目的的改进方法。

A numerical model was established by combining the seven-flux model of light propagation with the two-dimensional hyperbolic heat conduction model in cylindrical coordinates. It showed that there exists a great discrepancy between the results obtained by treating the laser irradiation as volumetric absorption (i.e. taking laser scattering and absorption into consideration) and those obtained by treating the laser irradiation as the second boundary condition.

将激光传输的七流模型与圆柱坐标系内的二维双曲型导热模型相结合建立了理论模型；将激光照射处理为容积吸收(即考虑激光在生物组织中的散射和吸收)所得到的计算结果，与将激光照射处理为第二类传热边界条件所得到的计算结果相比，两者差别很大；考察了激光照射下散射系数和吸收系数对生物组织内双曲型导热的影响。

Furthermore, this model is expanded in two aspects: on the one hand, through the introduction of the theory of the Fault Tree, this thesis analyzes the difference between the fault-diagnosis in the recovering flow and that in the traditional flow, thus concluding that the fault-diagnosis in the recovering flow is just a tracing-back process of the directed-graph and the Fault Tree; on the other hand, a finite self-restoring state machine is constructed on the directed-graph model, thus providing the theoretical basis for the realization of the auto-recovery model.

随后在两个方面对该模型进行了扩展：1。通过引入故障树的方法，并在分析了恢复流程故障诊断与传统故障诊断的差异之后，总结出恢复流程的故障诊断就是一个基于有向图和故障树进行回溯的过程；2。基于有向图模型建立了一个有穷自动状态机，为自动恢复与模型的实现提供了理论基础。

In this thesis, I summarize the theoretical calculation method, applied scope and notice of siphonic drainage system, and point out the advantage of siphonic drainage system compared with gravitation drainage system. In the archetype experiment study of siphonic drainage tube, I adopt different tube diameter and different structural height to survey the drainage volume and press in different place. I observe various kinds of flow state, and get chief factors which influence hydraulic peculiarity of system as the tube diameter or structural height, and find out the relevance of factor to flux. I apply CFD Fluent software and adopt standard k-ε model and RNG k-ε model, then use finite volume method and second-order upwind scheme to discrete numerical model, while coupling numeration of velocity field and press is based on SIMPLE. In the numerical simulation of curved part of tube, siphonic drainage tube experiment system and multi-outlet siphonic drainage system, I make research on internal velocity and press of system in different project condition by changing the tube diameter of curved part, negative press value in tube export and improving the quantity of water gutter. This thesis first adopts a method of combining archetype experiment and numerical simulation to study the siphonic drainage system, test and verify the validity of experiment and numerical simulation, and makefurther study on system, it solves the problems of limited testing conditions, and has a logical results, it can provide a valid method for optimizing and designing the drainage tube-net system. The conclusion have referring value for study and design of siphonic drainage system.

本文首先对虹吸式排水系统理论计算方法、适用范围以及注意事项做出总结，并分析了虹吸式排水系统的优势；再对虹吸式排水管道进行原型试验研究，采用不同管径不同立管高度，对系统流量、管道压强进行量测，观察了各种工况下的流态，对其水力特性进行研究分析，找出影响水力特性的落差、管径主要因素以及与排水量的关系；进一步应用计算流体力学Fluent软件，采用标准κ-ε模型与RNGκ-ε模型，计算过程应用有限体积法和二阶迎风格式对数值模型进行离散，速度和压力的耦合采用SIMPLE算法，分别对系统弯管段、虹吸排水管道试验系统、多斗虹吸式排水系统进行数值模拟分析，通过改变管段弯头处半径、管段出口负压值、增加雨水斗数对不同工况下系统内部的速度和压力进行研究；本文首次采用结合原型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法，对虹吸式屋面雨水排水系统进行研究，试验与模拟相互验证，并进行拓展，很好地解决了虹吸式屋面雨水排水系统由于试验条件限制问题，结果正确合理，为排水管网系统设计和优化研究提供了有效的方法，对工程设计有较好的参考价值。

It is necessary to find the effects of spherical geometry on surface wave; Based on normal modal summation, the synthetic seismograms corresponding to the fundamental and few higher modes are calculated; Based on surface waveform scattering theory, the scattering surface wave are calculated for three dimensional laterally varying medium.

基于球地球模型计算面波波形，考虑到地球的圆球率，比平地球模型更接近实际；根据简正振型叠加原理计算出基阶和高阶直达面波；用面波散射理论计算出三维非均匀弹性地球模型的散射面波，包含振型转换，与实际更吻合。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。