模型理论

Aiming at forecasting the torpedo acoustic homing range for actual targets under real water conditions, this paper summarizes the typical water conditions in different sea spaces and seasons, presents a forecast method of torpedo acoustic homing range, and establishes a transmission loss forecast model based on the ray acoustic theory and a reverberation level forecast model based on the cell scattering model.

针对真实水文条件下鱼雷声自导对实际目标的作用距离预报问题，总结了不同海域、不同季节的典型水文条件，提出了鱼雷声自导作用距离预报方法，以射线声学理论为基础建立了传播损失预报模型，以单元散射模型为基础建立了混响级预报模型。

The object of projectile design is analyzed, and the layer-TOPSIS method is provided for the evaluation of total effectiveness by taking the layer concept into the TOPSIS method. In the calculation of object weights, the grade calculation method is suggested, which has less dependence on the subjectivity of decision-maker and can take account of both sensitivity and allowableness of objects, the geometric-arithmetic method is provided for grade weight calculation and methods for sensitive weight and allowable weight are given. Of modes in system analyzing, the penetration model of target with spherical-fragment is carried out based on the theory of Dynamic Spherical Cavity Expansion, and it is a supplement of the models for calculation the damage of the fragmentation warhead to target.

对弹丸设计进行了目标分析；通过在TOPSIS方法中引入层次结构的概念，提出了适用于弹丸总体效能评价的层次TOPSIS评价方法；在指标权重计算中，提出了对决策者主观依赖较少的能反映指标的敏感性和相容性的分级权重计算方法；在分级权重计算中，分别给出了等比-等差权值计算方法和敏感-相容权值计算方法；在系统分析的模型中，对破片战斗部的威力计算中的模型进行了补充，在空穴膨胀理论的基础上提出了球形破片侵彻有限厚靶板的侵彻计算模型。

Consequently, this essay choose the "Z-Score Model", which was developed by Altaian, the famous American expert in risks management, to analyze and evaluate the listed companies' credit risks in China and to verify its efficiency to Chinese stocks market. The " Z-Score Model" is an innovation in the evaluation of companies' credit risk in the United States' banks, which is now being used widely. If the model is also applicable in Chinese stocks market, it will be significant in both theories and practices.

因此，本文选用作为美国商业银行信用评估方法的一次重要创新的，目前仍被美国商业银行广泛使用的，由美国著名信用风险管理专家Altman建立的"Z评分模型"(Z-Score Model)来对我国上市公司的信用风险状况进行实证研究，验证其在我国股票市场的有效性程度，如果能证明"Z评分模型"同样适用于我国证券市场，并将其改造为更适合我国上市公司的信用风险分析模型，将不仅具有很大的理论价值，而且也具有十分重要的现实意义。

Apply above all but develop learns medium thing yuan the thing that built what classify by classified electrovalency to use market of electric market fractionize and its fractionize theoretically yuan model, the relevant factor that considered to affect target market to choose in the model if increase rate of market share, market, charge of electricity reclaims flexibility of consumption of rate, power, make antipathic function is in these elements well a content yuan the model gets settlement.

首先运用可拓学中的物元理论建立了按分类电价分类的用电市场细分及其细分市场的物元模型，在模型中考虑了影响目标市场选择的相关因素如市场份额、市场增长率、电费回收率、电力消费弹性等，使这些因素不相容性能很好地在一个物元模型得到解决。

According to the change of the enemy\'s quantity and the qualitative theory of the differential equation, we research the spruce aphides and its predator system. At the same time, we discussion the spruce aphid multiplication model when the natural enemy quantity is a certain value and the periodic oscillating model whose the quantity of the natural enemy changes along with the time. Obtains the stability condition of the balance point and the limit-cycle existing condition, the system presents the dissipative structure\'s character. Finally it explains that this theoretical analysis has certain practical significance regarding the preventing and controlling harmful insect.

第五章，松毛虫与其天敌的关系是食饵和捕食者的关系，根据天敌数量的变化，利用微分方程定性理论，研究松毛虫与天敌系统，讨论天敌数量为一定时的松毛虫增殖模型和天敌数量随时间变化的周期振荡模型，得到正平衡点全局稳定性和极限环的存在条件，通过计算机模拟，说明周期振荡的捕食模型能够呈现典型的时间耗散结构特征，对于防治害虫有一定的实际意义。

In the paper, the researches and conclusions are:The basic theory and technique ofgeography information system, Introduce the history of the GIS technique developmentand it develops the trend, the GIS modernizes the meaning of the construction and thepurpose and the meaning of the topic researches to the our army artillery.The design ofartillerist numeric map, Make use of the soft strong graphics function of the SuperMapgeography information system, from how made the numerical map of artillery tocommence, carried on the processing and processed the piece to the artilleryappropriative paper quality diagram to manufacture the numerical map of artillery.Themold of choosing the position of artillerist and excavating the position of spacedata;Rules of space clustering analyzing and space relationship on the basis ofmathematics configuration;Choosing the path of positing convert;optimalpath arithmetic on the basis of chart theory and realize optimal path analyze.

论文研究内容有：地理信息系统的基本理论与技术，介绍GIS技术发展的历史及其发展趋势，GIS对我军炮兵现代化建设的意义和课题研究的目的及意义；炮兵地图数字化设计与制作，利用SuperMap地理信息系统软强大的制图功能，从如何制炮兵数字地图入手，对炮兵专用的纸质地图进行处理和加工件来制作炮兵数字地图；炮兵阵地选取分析模型、阵地空间数据挖掘模型的建立和挖掘过程，基于数学形态学的空间聚类分析法、空间关联规则法的挖掘模型；阵地转移的路径选择，对炮兵阵地转移路径进行分析，基于图论中的Dijkstra最优路径算法，实现转移最佳路径分析。

Transportation equilibrium assignment model is a mature and theoretical model. It is the base for transportation assignment problem.

交通均衡分配模型是交通分配发展成熟的、具有完整理论依据的模型，这组数学规划模型奠定了研究交通分配问题的基础。

Unfortunately, it has been shownthat these methods are not suitable to study about chemical bonds due to not involvingchemical bonds. In order to consider chemical bonds obviously, we have proposed an atom-bondelectronegativity equalization model on the basis of density-functionaltheory and electronegativity equalization principle. The main contents of our atom-bond electronegativity equalization model contain:(1)Considering the fact that there are varies of chemical bonds in molecules andpartitioning the molecular electron density as summations of atomic electron densitiesand chemical bond's electron densities, we obtained the basic equations of atom-bondelectronegativity equalization model: the expression of the total energy 〓, theexpression of the atom electronegativity 〓 and the expression of the bondelectronegativity 〓.

为了明确地考虑和处理分子中存在的化学键，以便能够更好地描述体系中的电荷分布进而准确地描述分子体系中的有关物理化学性质，尤其是与化学键有关的物理化学性质，我们在密度泛函理论和电负性均衡原理基础上提出了原子-键电负性均衡模型，原子-键电负性均衡模型的主要内容是：(1)考虑到分子体系中存在各种化学键这个事实，将分子空间看成是由原子区和化学键区组成的，将分子的单电子密度表达成为分子中各组成原子的单电子密度和各化学键的单电子密度的加和，从而得到了原子-键电负性均衡模型的基本方程：分子体系总能量〓和分子中原子电负性〓和化学键电负性〓表达式。

According to the model, the author forecast the performance level of science and technology expenditure during the future certain years .

本文在前人研究的基础上结合逻辑模型的思想设计了区域科技支出绩效评价指标体系；收集了2000 年－ 2004 年西安的科技支出绩效统计数据；应用灰色系统理论的分析方法模拟出科技支出绩效模型，根据模型预测了未来若干年西安的科技支出绩效水平；通过灰色关联度与聚类分析，获得了决定区域科技支出绩效的因素；针对这些因素提出了改进区域科技支出绩效的建议。

According to the statistic model of piezometric level, model of piezometric level monitoring on the basis of support vector machines is founded. Comparing with traditional statistic model, the new model is more accurate and has better extension forecasting capability.

此后，针对统计模型的不足之处，引入了支持向量机方法的相关理论，建立了基于支持向量机方法的测压管水位监测预报模型，与统计模型相比，结果拟合精度更高，预测趋势更加符合实际情况。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。