模型理论

The article, first and foremost, sets a theoretical framework by expatiating the relating theory ranging from the characteristics of the commonage of civil sanitation and the relationships between civil sanitation and the government or market. Secondly, along with summarizing the principles and practices at home and abroad in the field of performance evaluation of civil sanitation enterprise, the article also points out the deficiency of Shaanxi in this aspect. Additionally, it consummately construct a performance evaluation index system for Shaanxi civil sanitation according to the factual situation by using following methods such as combining qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, basic theoretical analysis and cases application analysis.

本文首先对公共卫生的公共物品特性、市场与政府在公共卫生服务中的定位等相关理论进行了阐述，为研究奠定了坚实的理论基础；其次，在吸取国外开展公共卫生管理绩效评价先进理论和实践经验，总结我国在此方面工作不足的基础上，建立了公共卫生绩效评价模型和评价指标体系的框架；第三，运用所建立的评价指标体系的框架，分析了陕西现有公共卫生事业管理绩效评价指标体系所存在的不足，并进行了原因分析；第四，结合实际情况，运用定性分析与定量分析相结合、理论基础分析与实证应用分析相结合的方法，完善了陕西公共卫生事业管理绩效评价指标体系。

The present paper through to the value investment theory's formation and the development discussion, to the value investor behavior characteristic's elaboration, using the behavior finance theory from the expectancy theory, the flock of sheep effect, responded excessively, the reverse operation model and so on four aspects and have carried on the contrast congenially to the value investment, theoretically explained why the value investment idea does have the sophistication.

本论文通过对价值投资理论的形成与发展的探讨，对价值投资者行为特征的阐述，运用行为金融理论从期望理论、羊群效应、过度反应、反向操作模型等四个方面对价值投资与投机进行了对比，从理论上解释了价值投资理念为什么具有先进性。

By using the theories and methods of impulsive,discrete and continuous dynamical system,arithmetic operators,optimiza-tion and numerical simulation,we study locally and globally asymptotieal stability of the boundary periodic solutions,and the permanence of the these systems.

以脉冲动力系统理论为基础，同时结合离散动力系统、连续动力系统、算子理论、优化理论等相关的理论和方法，在已有的研究成果的基础上，研究这些模型的边界周期解的局部和全局渐进稳定性、系统的持续生存、周期解的存在性与唯一性以及周期解的轨道稳定性等等。

For fuzzy hyperbolic model, three stable controllers are proposed based on robust stability theory, optimal control theory, H-infinite theory and nonlinear system theory. Finally a fuzzy Lyapunov analysis method is put forward to analyze the stability of fuzzy hyperbolic system.

针对模糊双曲正切模型，根据鲁棒稳定性理论、最优控制理论、H无穷控制理论和非线性系统理论设计了三种稳定的控制器，并提出一种模糊Lyapunov分析方法使用语言信息分析模糊双曲正切系统的稳定性。

The main research tasks and results are as follows:(1) Through comparing the stress intensity factor of compact tension specimen calculated by finite element software with the theoretical value, the feasibility of calculating fracture parameters of crack tip in ABAQUS software was verified.(2) The relationship between the elastic modulus of the material and research scale was studied based on deriving the cohesive stress theory and other relevant theories. And the elastic modulus of the material on meso-scale was determined.(3) Global model and sub-model of the finite element were built in th...e macro-scale, and stress-strain field nearby the crack tip was analyzed, and the results show that the detailed stress-strain in the crack tip could be obtained by using the sub-model technique.(4) In meso-scale, the crack growth model was also established by assuming the crack propagating along the grain boundary, and the detailed stress-strain field in the crack tip was obtained.(5) The effect of crack length on Von Mises stress, and maximum principal stress and strain was analyzed in meso-scale when equivalent KI equals 30MPa.m1/2. And the results show that except for crack tip area, the stress-strain distribution in whole specimen is not affected.

主要完成研究内容和取得成果如下：(1)利用有限元软件计算出紧凑拉伸试样的裂纹尖端应力强度因子KI值，其结果与理论值一致，从而验证了利用ABAQUS计算裂纹尖端相关断裂参量的可行性；(2)在研究内聚应力等相关理论的基础上，推导出了研究尺度与材料弹性模量的近似关系，并确定了介观尺度上的弹性模量；(3)在宏观尺度上建立了全局有限元计算模型和子模型，得到了裂纹尖端应力应变场分布，结果表明利用子模型技术获得比较准确的裂纹尖端应力应变场分布是可行的；(4)在介观尺度上利用平均晶粒尺度的方式建立了裂纹沿晶扩展模型，得到了裂纹尖端断裂过程区的微观应力应变场；(5)当应力强度因子为30MPa.m1/2时，分析了介观尺度上在裂纹沿晶扩展过程中裂纹长度对Mises应力、最大主应力和应变的影响，结果表明，裂纹扩展长度对试样整体应力应变分布影响不大，而对裂纹尖端区域有较大影响；(6)介。。。

A ccording to Wikipedia,"Scientists include theoreticians who mainly develop new models to explain existing data and experimentalists who mainly test models by making measurements-though in practice the division between these activities is not clear-cut, and many scientists perform both."

根据维基百科，&包括理论学家在内的科学家专注于开发新的模型以解释目前存在的数据，同时实验家主要专注于通过做实验的方式来测试模型--然而在实践中，对这两种行为的划分并不明显，并且很多科学家同时做了这两件事（译者注：开发新模型和测试模型）&。

On the basis of the concept of perfect quantum gas, a physical model of extreme relativity is established for perfect quantum gas, and also according to the conclusions of the state density of the extreme theory of relativity, the densities of quantum statistics′ particle numbers and energy, the extreme relativity′s result of the enthalpy、internal energy and heat capacity of the perfect quantum gas is obtained under the high temperature by strict theory inference.

在理想量子气体概念的基础上，首先建立极端相对论理想量子气体的物理模型；再根据极端相对论的态密度和量子统计的粒子数、能量的密度结论，通过严格的理论推导，得出理想量子气体在高温条件下的极端相对论性的焓、内能和热容量的结果，并将其热容量与高温条件下的理想量子气体、经典理想气体的热容量对比，指出极端相对论与非相对论两种模型、理想量子气体与经典理想气体两种模型的热容量之间的差异，同时分析这些差异的物理原因在于各自气体模型的态密度以及对应体系的波函数的对称性；最后阐明高温条件下极端相对论理想量子气体的热容量在量子统计方面的先进性及应用前景。

Finally it clarifies the advance in quantum statistics and the practical prospect of heat capacity of the extreme relativity's perfect quantum gas under high tamperature.

摘 要：在理想量子气体概念的基础上，首先建立极端相对论理想量子气体的物理模型；再根据极端相对论的态密度和量子统计的粒子数、能量的密度结论，通过严格的理论推导，得出理想量子气体在高温条件下的极端相对论性的焓、内能和热容量的结果，并将其热容量与高温条件下的理想量子气体、经典理想气体的热容量对比，指出极端相对论与非相对论两种模型、理想量子气体与经典理想气体两种模型的热容量之间的差异，同时分析这些差异的物理原因在于各自气体模型的态密度以及对应体系的波函数的对称性；最后阐明高温条件下极端相对论理想量子气体的热容量在量子统计方面的先进性及应用前景。

In this paper, the mechanisms of the generation, migration and production for coal seam gas are researched and the geological model for coal seam gas reservoir simulation is presented, according to the theories and methods of coal seam gas geology, petroleum geology and dynamic of fluids through porous media. A three-dimensional, dual-porosity, two-phase, pseudo-steady, non-equilibrium sorption mathematical model is established with the help of petroleum reservoir numerical simulation method. After that, this complex mathematical mode is approximated and solved by finite-difference and fully implicit methods. Coal Seam Gas Reservoir Simulation software in 1. 0 version (CSGRS 1. 0) with Chinese interface of pre-and post-processing function is developed.

本文应用煤层气地质学、石油天然气地质学和渗流力学等学科的理论和方法，研究了煤储层中煤层气的生成、储集、运移和产出机理，概化出了煤层气储层模拟的地质模型；以油气藏数值模拟和数值计算方法为工具，建立了描述三维、双孔隙、非平衡吸附、拟稳态条件下气-水两相流体混相运移规律的煤层气储层模拟的数学模型；详细推导出了该数学模型的全隐式求解方法；并借助计算机技术开发了具有中文操作界面的煤层气储层数值模拟软件CSGRS 1.0，实现了这一复杂数学模型的数值求解。

The influences of modeling theory, source of parameters and a posteriori simulation on validity of models are researched and an evaluation method of model validity based on the three factors is proposed, and the significance of performing dynamic evaluation of model validity is analyzed.

分析了模型的建模理论、参数的来源及后验仿真对模型有效性的影响，提出了基于这3方面因素的模型有效性评估方法，并分析了对模型有效性进行动态评估的重要性。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。