模型理论

Theoretic models and methods using nonnumeric parallel optimization algorithm, genetic algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm, to adjust and control the production-injection system were made with taking the net present value as the objective function and coupling economic model, reservoir model, wellbore model including producer and injector, and choke model.

以净现值为系统目标，耦合经济模型、油藏模型、注采井筒模型和油嘴模型，首次建立利用非数值并行算法——遗传算法与模拟退火算法调控注采系统的理论模型与方法，对不同开发阶段与不同约束条件下的注采系统进行最佳调控，使之保持最优生产状态。

Based on analysing the respective characteristics of regular PID controller in trational control theory and fuzzy logical controller in intelligent control theory, the idea and technique of expert system is introduced to develop a novel kind of hybrid intelligent controller. It can coordinate two kinds of control algorithms and tune the control parameters on-line for different working zones of the controlled process.(3) The hybrid knowledge expression model, which combines discrete state space model, fuzzy relational model and rule base model, is proposed based on analysing the characteristics of all kinds of knowledge expression models. The knowledge of the controlled process in different aspects can be expressed resonably by it. Based on the model mentioned above, the related optimization strategy for complex system is developed.

本文的主要贡献体现在：（1）以炼油厂的催化裂化装置和钢铁联合企业的大型焦炉装置两个典型的复杂工业过程为例，分析了工业大系统的许多不易控制的特性，并归纳了其中的几个典型特征；（2）针对经典控制理论中的常规PID调节器和智能控制技术中的模糊逻辑控制器各自的特点，通过引入专家系统的思想和方法，开发了一类混合式专家控制器，它同时具备在线协调两种不同控制规律和自动学习控制规则的能力；（3）通过分析各种知识表达模型的特点，提出了一类包括离散状态空间模型、模糊关系模型和规则基模型在内的混合知识表达模型，它能对过程知识在各个不同侧面给予合理的描述。

This paper systemically introduces the history and current status of the study on the problem of orthotropism and displacement back analysis, recounts and concludes the analysis theory about anisotropic rock mass, brings forward some models of displacement back analysis of the rock such as layered orthotropic model, proportional coefficient model, layered homogeneous model and equivalent simplificated model, and establishes target unknown, target functions and arithmetic for these models respectively, through analyzing the character of layered orthotropic rock mass.

本文系统介绍了正交各向异性问题和位移反分析方法研究的历史与现状，叙述与归纳了各向异性岩体的分析理论，通过分析成层正交各向异性岩体的特点，对该类岩体的反分析方法提出了分层正交各向异性模型、比例系数模型、分层均质模型和等效简化模型，并对各类模型分别确定了目标未知数、目标函数与算法。

The work in this thesis could be concluded into four parts: 1. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are finished among three type of piecewise smooth rub models which include dual-linear rigid model, Hertz model and nominal rigid model.

本论文的主要工作分成以下四部分：第一部分：对三种分段光滑碰摩模型，即双线性刚度模型、Hertz模型和当量刚度模型进行了理论分析和数值仿真对比，确定了Hertz模型的优势地位。

This article that focuses on the systematic and in-depth research in the current primal problem about abnormal burst pressure reservoir depress burst pressure has procured following main fruits:1 It forms the method which could obtain massive vertical static state mechanics parameters.2 In a foundation of acquisition of rock mechanics parameters,apply bent lamella that as mechanical model along with characteristic of actual geologic characteristics to analysis curvature for anticlinal strcture, get homologous tectonic stress value throug relation between the curvature and stress and different principal curvature in anticlinal structure,consequently set up laminational stress model for anticline reservoir. The block lamination for existed fracturing date has formed method of setting up mechanical model of lamination terrestrial stress by abtaining the block tectonic stress coefficients which are got by complex utilization test, laboratory test and fracturing date playback.3 Analysesing the main reason which lead to high burst pressure by considering the characteristic of reservoir geology,reservoir,and rock mechanics and reservoir damage,etc.Establishing burst pressure quantitative prediction model which provide gist for depressing construction risk and optimizing construction craft under the condition of open hole completion ,gun-perforated completion and damaged reservoir.4 Provding theoretical basis for interpreting acidification pretreatment which could depress busrt pressure by finding the relation between the influencing factors and rock machanics parameters and analysing the factors that have effect on rock mechanics parameters. Expounding the mechanism of reaction of mixed monomineral and acid from the angle of microcosmic element, evaluating quantitatively acid sensilility of different kinds of mineral effectively, and determing the first-order reaction dynamical equation of each mineral.5 Revealing rock mechanics property chage as a result of acid flooding in different condition by sandstone traumata experiment in different temperatures which combined with rock mechanics triaxial stress experiment.6 Associating damage mechanics with sandstone acidizing, established sandstone damage mechanics model in the foundation of the recognition on the rock mechanics parametric variation which is caused by acid-rock reaction in both macroscopic view and microscopic view ,also demonstrated those processes and quantitative estimated the acid busrt pressure to direct the site operation.

本文针对目前异常破裂压力储层降低破裂压力的主要问题展开较为系统和深入的研究，取得了以下主要成果：1形成了利用测井资料，结合室内岩芯测试结果，获取静动岩石力学参数的相关性特征，从而获得纵向上大量静态力学参数的方法。2在获取了岩石力学参数的此基础上，利用弯曲薄板作为力学模型，结合区块实际地质特征对背斜构造进行曲率分析，通过曲率与应力的关系，利用背斜构造不同部位的主曲率求得相应的构造应力值，从而建立起背斜储层的分层应力模型；对已有压裂资料的区块分层，形成了综合利用测试、室内实验、压裂资料反演获得该区块构造应力系数，建立起分层地应力的力学模型的方法。3综合考虑储层地质、油藏、岩石力学特性和储层伤害等因素，分析造成高破裂压力的主要原因，综合利用岩石力学、弹性力学等知识，建立了裸眼完井、射孔完井条件下以及储层受到伤害后的储层破裂压力定量预测模型，为降低施工风险和优化施工工艺提供了依据。4完成了物性、岩性影响岩石力学参数的因素分析，找出了各影响因素和岩石力学参数之间的关系，为从机理上解释酸化预处理降低破裂压力提供了理论基础；从微观元素的角度阐述了单矿物与酸反应的机理；并在此基础上，有效评价了各种矿物的酸敏感性，定量确定了岩石中各矿物的一级反应动力学方程。5完成了不同温度下的酸液类型、酸液浓度、注酸量等一系列砂岩损伤实验，结合岩石力学三轴应力实验，系统揭示了在不同条件下注酸而引起的岩石力学性质变化。6将损伤力学与砂岩酸化相结合，在宏观、微观两个方面认识酸岩反应引起岩石力学参数变化基础上，建立了砂岩损伤力学模型，并对其进行验证，在此基础上定量计算酸化后的破裂压力，有效指导现场施工

According to the definition of axis straightness error ,a mathematical model was developed to evaluate axis straightness error by way of least square method in the rectangular coordinates.

根据轴线直线度误差的定义，建立了在直角坐标采样时该项误差的最小二乘评定法数学模型，该模型的采样数据不需要等角度间隔采样；并用计算机进行仿真分析·结果表明，所建立的数学模型编程简单，计算出的轴线直线度误差值与真实情况的误差小于 10 -6μm·因此由本模型引入的误差可忽略不计·所建立的数学模型为研制形位误差虚拟测量系统提供了理论基础

To optimize the performance of the hybrid model,it applies k-means algorithm to perform vector clustering in the LSA vector space while the density function is used to initialize the centroid.

研究了潜在语义分析理论及其在连续语音识别中应用的相关技术，在此基础上利用WSJ0文本语料库上构建LSA模型，并将其与3-gram模型进行插值组合，构建了包含语义信息的统计语言模型；同时为了进一步优化混合模型的性能，提出了基于密度函数初始化质心的k-means聚类算法对LSA模型的向量空间进行聚类。

According to Meese's exchange rate model in 1986, in this paper, we modified Meese's (1986) model and suppose the Interest Rate Parity is untenable, the risk premium factor and real exchange rate parameter are considered, and the Purchasing Power parity doesn't follow random walk, we derive our modified equilibrium model. Base on the State Space Model, we try to estimate bubbles and risk premium which are unobservable variables by Kalman Filter to test which one is or both are the main factors that to cause the real assets price biased from the market fundamental price.

本文是以Meese(1986)所决定的汇率模型为基础，但Messe一文并未讨论到风险溢酬的问题，故本文为了克服此一缺憾，而假设未抛捕的利率平价说(uncovered interest parity，UIP)不成立，以加入风险溢酬因子，且更进一步假设偏离购买力平价理论(purchasing power parity，PPP)不服从随机漫步，若如此则顺利将实质汇率变数纳入於模型中，重新建立均衡汇率模型，为了验证本文所创立的模型，实证方法以状态空间模型为基础，运用卡门滤波器递回法来估计不可观察的变数，以观察台湾的外汇市场上是因泡沫现象还是风险溢酬造成资产价格偏离市场基要价值或是两者皆是造成实际资产价格偏离市场机要价格的因素。

The thesis makes a wellbore pressure and temperature distribution allegiance calculation forecasting model which takes the seawater temperature field and coefficient of heat transmission into account based on the study of the related theories. And the thesis makes a research of the impact of Reynolds Number upon drag coefficient based on the classical Tunner Droplet Model, and makes the critical flow rate model of liquid lift for Ya 13-1 gas field from the perspective of security.

通过理论研究，建立了考虑海水温度场及传热系数的适用于崖13-1气田的井筒压力、温度分布耦合计算预测模型；从气井积液机理研究出发，建立了高低气液比携液临界流量的计算模型，在高气液比携液临界模型的推导中，以经典的Tunner液滴模型为基础，研究了雷诺数对曳力系数的影响，从安全考虑建立了适用于崖13-1气田的携液临界模型。

The logarithm model in fighter plane air combat effectiveness assessment was analyzed firstly, and its deficiencies were put forward. Then, combined with air combat theory and practice, a new method for air combat effectiveness assessment, synthesized index model, was presented aiming at the problems, and the sub effectiveness evaluation models were perfected synchronously.

首先详细分析了战斗机空战效能评估中常用的对数法模型，指出了模型中存在的问题；然后结合空战理论和实际情况，针对原模型存在的问题提出了一种新的效能评估解析计算方法——综合指数模型；同时对综合指数中各分项能力的评估模型进行了修改完善。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。