模型理论

Firstly, on the basis of summarizing the research results, this paper deeply discusses the calculating model to analyze the instantaneous motion state in vehicle collision and the interrelation between restitution coefficient and vehicle collision speed. The simplified Gim tyre model is introduced, this type model has the fast computing and higher calculating precision, it is the practical vehicle type model in the analysis of vehicle collision accident at present. According to the collinear collision and two-dimension collision, the paper establishes the impact model at vehicle collision moment and the post collision movement model.

本文在总结前人研究的基础上，分析了车对车碰撞作用瞬间状态的计算模型及碰撞恢复系数与碰撞前、后速度的关系：介绍了Gim轮胎理论模型的简化形式，该模型计算速度快、计算精度高，尤其在车轮大侧偏角运动时其计算精度远远优于其它轮胎模型，是目前在汽车碰撞事故分析中最为实用的汽车轮胎理论模型：根据交通事故中最普遍的一维碰撞和二维碰撞的不同情况，分别建立了碰撞作用瞬间的力学模型和碰撞后车辆动力学模型。

And the theory of Technological leapfrogging is for it after being studied.

本文首先整理了技术跨越的相关理论，并对原有理论进行了评价、分析和拓展，在此基础上阐述了技术跨越和技术创新的关系、技术跨越的诱导机制以及政府作用；并以产品市场和要素市场为切入点建立技术跨越机制模型用以分析技术跨越的理论过程，在理论模型构建的基础上结合我国制造业的现状首先解释了制造业目前整体技术水平低的原因，更重要的是应用技术跨越机制模型分析和阐述了制造业摆脱目前困境的战略选择。

In this paper, a kernel quantification theory IV is proposed through organical combining kernel function theory and quantification theory IV. The algorithm framework for the new model with large scale-sampling data is established on the basis of Lanczos algorithm which is an iterative method for finding the eigenpairs of a square matrix.

把核函数理论与数量化理论IV模型有机结合，提出了核数量化理论IV模型，并以高阶对称矩阵端部特征对求解的Lanczos算法为基础设计了大样本核数量化理论IV模型的算法框架。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

With complex system and behavioural finance theory, a multi-agent trade market model is primarily built. Furthermore a relevant information auto- retrieval platform based on Internet, a background-based distributed computing platform for apperceiving agent and a simulated real-time trade system are primarily realized. Both experimental results and theoretical analyse show that effective market hypothesis as support for capital market and capital asset pricing theory (Nobel Prize in economics in 1990) are defective. These results also verify the feature of GARCH model (Nobel Prize in economics in 2003). Moreover, a quantitative analytic way to behavioural capital asset pricing theory (Nobel Prize in economics in 2002) in behavioural finance is presented.

结合复杂系统理论和行为金融学理论，初步建立了一个主体交易市场模型，一个基于互联网的信息自动获取平台、一个基于后台分布式主体感知计算平台和一个模拟实时交易的原型系统，在此基础上，通过大量的数据计算、实验和理论分析，指出了资本市场的理论支柱之一的有效市场假设理论和资本资产定价理论（1990年诺贝尔经济学奖）存在的缺陷，验证了GARCH模型（2003年诺贝尔经济学奖）的特征，提供了行为金融学中行为资产定价理论（2002年诺贝尔经济学奖）的初步量化分析结果。

So as to understand deeply the supply contract in theory; Fouth, based on the research above, the author, discusses the application of supply contract management, with providing some contract models and exampling the supply contract management in some intricate contracts models, for instance, Quanlify, Fix-quantified, Time flexible, and Forward contracts etc..

如，应用委托代理模型，多任务代理模型，团队理论模型等，研究供应链合同管理中企业的合同管理，并应用二层代理模型深入探讨合同决策的理论分析方法。另外，作者还应用报童模型，结合具体供应链合同管理的合同模型，分析合同决策，与供应链结构和效率之间的联系，探讨报童模型在供应链合同管理研究中的重要价值。

We firstly summarized some nuclear structure models, and then introduce relativistic mean field theory and its application to spherical nuclei. At Last the characteristics of pseudospin symmetry are researched in details. It briefly includes several following aspects:(1) Some nuclear models such as liquid drop model, Fermi gas model, shell model, project shell model and Bohr model are summarized.

本文首先概述了一些主要的原子核结构模型，然后介绍了相对论平均场理论的建立及其对球形核的描述，最后对赝自旋对称性进行了研究，主要包括以下几个方面：一、概述了已经取得很成功的液滴模型、费米气体模型、壳模型、投影壳模型以及玻尔模型等描述原子核结构的理论模型。

Originated from Maxwells theory and Drude model, we discussed the physical modelof surface plasmon wave and surface plasmon resonance under different conditions.Specially of metal thin-film structure, we study the propagation characteristic of SPWintensively, and carry out theoretical simulations according to ideal model and practicalmodel respectively under different thickness of the film and the wavelength of probe beam.

在理论上，首先从电磁场理论和Drude模型出发，讨论了在各种不同情况下的表面等离子体波的物理模型，并且进一步深入研究了表面等离子体波共振现象，特别针对金属薄膜结构下的表面等离子体波的传播特性进行讨论，对不同的膜厚和入射波长的情况对理想模型和有损模型分别进行了理论的模拟。

A mathematical model of airlift-loop reactor was developed with the two-fluid model and the theory of two-phase flow.

采用双流体模型和气液二相流体动力学理论建立了气升式环流反应器流体流动的数学模型，在此模型的基础上利用溶质渗透理论和各向同性湍流理论建立了局部液相体积传质系数数学模型。

Based on the modeling theory of the equivalent probability density error model(marked as "Tepdem") and the numerical algorithm,this paper provides an approach on how to ascertain a point location with the highest coordinates precision between both of the adjacent characteristic points on a generic curve accurately by use of the theory of function extremum as well as the iterative algorithm,and it also provides the method on how to obtain the least width of "Tepdem" exactly,from which,the explanation of geom...

基于等概率密度误差模型建模原理和数值算法，运用函数极值理论和迭代方法来求解平面一般曲线上两相邻特征点间位置精度最高的点，以精确确定误差模型的最小带宽，从理论上给出等概率密度误差模型的几何特征，从而进一步完善矢量GIS的位置不确定性理论。通过实例计算与可视化分析，验证了理论推导的正确性。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。