模型制造

Based on this,as a example of a axletree manufacturing enterprise in Jiangsu provinces design of production management information system.Utilizing UML,the thesis analyzes the realization of the information system in the company from the field of demand and problems,it establishes static,dynamic behaviour models,object view,database models,the component and deployment view,it brings out a comparatively complete designing course of information system.

在此基础上，以江苏某轴承加工制造企业生产管理信息系统构建为实例，基于UML，对公司的生产管理信息系统的实现进行了需求和问题领域分析，建立了静态、动态行为模型，类图、数据库模型及物理实现组件图和配置图，实现了信息系统概要分析与设计一个比较完整的过程。

In order to meet the requirement of the Collector ring dipole superconducting magnet of FAIR in the process of operation, meanwhile, and to ensure the heat loads coming from the support structures to be lower than the design demands, the 3D models of support structures have been constructed with CATIA, then the calculation of low-temperature heat-load and the structure analysis have been done with ANSYS, the support structure material, 316LN+G10, is decided according to the heat-load calculation and the structure optimization, these results are necessary for manufacturing the formal magnet.

为保证FAIR收集环(Collector ring-CR)超导二极磁体工作过程中的磁场位形符合设计要求，同时保证由磁体支撑带来的热负荷小于设计要求，用CATIA软件建立了不同结构的磁体支撑3D模型，并用ANSYS有限元分析软件对建立的模型进行了低温热负荷分析和结构分析。通过比较分析的结果和对磁体支撑结构进行的进一步优化，确定了316LN+G10材料的支撑结构，为收集环超导二极磁体工程制造提供了参考。

Secondly, a joint pricing and capacity allocation model is formulated considering bulk demand. Chance constrained programming is used to transform the stochastic model. Numerical examples show our model and method is more near the simulation results than the deterministic programming and bigger learning coefficient leads to higher profit contribution.

接着，建立了考虑批量需求的BTO模式下制造企业定价与能力分配的集成模型，利用机会约束规划方法对此随机模型进行转化和求解，算例仿真表明机会约束规划方法较确定性规划方法更好地反映了随机连续需求的分布和波动特征，其期望利润贡献与仿真结果更接近；学习效率越大，最优价格越低，接受订单数量越多，期望利润贡献越高。

Five novel torsion-mirror optical actuators including double-beam thickness differential structure with single torsional axis, double flexible folded-beam structure with single torsional axis, double-beam vertical torsion comb structure with single torsion axis, four-beam differential compound-micromirror structure with double torsional axis and the combined structure of the four basis forms above, are brought forward. All of these devices could be fabricated by the same silicon micromachining process we have developed. The deformation compensation design with local enhancement for the thin torsional beam which is the key structure of these devices is also put forward to improve the reliability. The three-dimension solid model and two-dimension reduced order model of the torsion-mirror optical actuator are established and then the numerical simulations for evaluating the device characteristics of the statics, dynamics, electrostatic field, mechanical and electrostatic coupling, fluid and solid coupling are carried out to optimize the structure design. Furthermore, three optical fibre clamping structures which could be integrated monolithicly are designed and analyzed to improve the optical coupling capability. 4. Three flexible process flows combined with bulk silicon micromachining and surface silicon micromachining are brought forward to fabricate these novel single-crystal silicon or polysilicon torsion-mirror optical actuators by using the same lithography masks for both SOI wafer and regular silicon wafer. A series of important process experiments are carried out to optimize the process parameters and the process flows. Some novel and typical process phenomena which occurred during the microfabrication are analyzed and then the corresponding solutions are put forward. 5. A MEMS dynamic testing system which exploit blur image synthetic technique, stroboscopic image matching technique, stroboscopic mirau microscopic interferometry technique and microscopic laser dopper vibrometer technique is set up to measure three-dimension and six-freedom micro motions of any MEMS devices with nanometer resolution.

在对硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的光机电特性系统地理论研究的基础上提出了硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的结构设计准则。3、提出了单轴双梁厚度差分结构、单轴双柔性折叠梁结构、单轴双梁垂直扭转梳齿结构、双轴四梁差动复合微镜结构以及以上四种基本结构组合后的衍生结构等五种工艺加工技术兼容的新型的硅微机械扭转镜光致动器，对器件关键结构薄厚度、高耐疲劳扭转梁进行了局部加强的变形补偿设计，建立了器件的三维实体模型以及两维降阶模型，对提出的新结构硅微机械扭转镜光致动器进行了系统的静力学、动力学、静电场、力电耦合和流体固体耦合的建模仿真与优化设计，同时设计并分析了三种可实现单芯片集成的弹性光纤定位夹紧结构。4、提出了组合体硅微加工技术与表面硅微加工技术、兼容同一套光刻版图、可分别基于SOI 晶片和普通Si 晶片、适应于制造提出的各种新结构单晶硅和多晶硅硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的三套柔性加工工艺流程，开展了一系列重要工艺步骤的单项工艺试验，对工艺流程与工艺参数进行了优化，针对加工过程中出现的具有普遍意义的典型工艺问题进行了讨论和分析，并提出了解决方法。5、创新性地将模糊图像合成技术、频闪图像匹配技术、频闪Mirau 显微干涉技术与显微激光多普勒测振技术有机结合，建立起了一套周期运动测量与瞬态运动测量相结合、单点运动测量与全视场运动测量相结合、满足不同MEMS 器件各种动态测试要求的集成的MEMS 三维六自由度微运动精密测量系统。

Individyal objects taking part in the manufacturing process are specific but correlated and with finite life-cycles. From this point of vie...

在此基础上，提出一个基于知识的产品集成表示模型，该模型将为产品生命期中制造知识的处理提供一种框架。

Methods Free falling body injury method was used to establish brain contusion model in 60 SD rats. The rats in group A was given injection of 50% dextrose through jugular vein, and the those in group B were injected normal saline.

将60只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分成对照组和实验组，以自由落体法制造大鼠脑挫裂伤模型后，颈静脉置管输入50%葡萄糖溶液建立高血糖动物模型，对照组以相同方法输入等量生理盐水溶液。

Objet's machines can produce not only solid things out of plastic-type materials, but complex ones with moving parts too, such as a working model of a bicycle chain or a small gearbox.

Objet Geometries不但可以制造塑料的立体物品，还能制造有活动零件的复杂产品，如自行车链或小变速箱的可用模型。

Study engineering drawings and blueprints, determine the materials required, and plan the sequence of tasks to cut metal most efficiently · Construct patterns and templates as guides for layouts · Lay out reference points and patterns on heavy metal according to component specifications · Rig, hoist and move materials to storage areas or within worksite · Assemble and fit metal sections and plates to form complete units or subunits using tack welding, bolting, riveting or other methods · Set up and operate various heavy-duty metal-working machines such as brake presses, shears, cutting torches, grinders and drills, including computer numerical control equipment, to bend, cut, form, punch, drill or otherwise form heavy-metal components · Install fabricated components in final product.

研究机械制图和图纸，决定所需材料，并计划工作顺序，有效地切割金属。 2。构建模式和模板作为布局向导 3。按照组件规格在重金属上设计参考点和模型 4。装备、起重机和运输材料入库或在工地场内 5。组装和安装金属部件和板材形成全套装置，或通过点焊、螺栓连接，铆接法或其他方法形成次单元。 6。建立并操作各种重金属加工机床，例如压弯机、剪床、割炬、磨钻机，包括数控设备，压弯、切割、成型、打洞、钻孔，或相反形成重金属组件。 7。在成品上安装已制造好的组件 Structural metal and platework fabricators and fitters 结构金属和板金加工制造工和安装工

The new circumstances that the discrete manufacturing enterprise is confronted with are analyzed; the function and configuration of production system is expounded; the research actuality and contents about production system capacity in the discrete manufacturing enterprise are summarized; the main research contents in this paper are developed.2. The calculating and analytical methods about production system capacity are studied systemically, a model to calculate rough-cut capacity instantly in "excel" table style is designed, the means to analyze production capacity in different production mode are brought forth, and the balance tactics of production capacity versus load are put forward.3. The application characteristics used in production system about the methods of Computer simulation and CRP in the MRPII/ERP are analyzed and compared; the advantages of Computer simulation method are pointed out; and the simulation researches aiming at production system capacity are implemented by Ithink simulation software.4. A simulation model is founded under the analysis of production system capacity in the production system background of a firm; the change instances of yield, output rate and WIP in the production system are simulated by the action of procurement cycle, machining time, setup time and so on. 5. The change instances of production capacity in the assembly stage are simulated , and rational employees are obtained.

本文主要进行了以下几个方面的研究：1、分析离散型制造企业面临的新情况，阐明生产系统的功能和结构，对离散型制造企业生产系统生产能力的研究内容和现状进行分析，提出本课题的主要研究内容。2、在系统地研究生产系统生产能力的计算和分析方法后，设计了用Excel表快速计算粗能力的方法；给出不同生产方式下的产能分析方法，并提出产能与负荷平衡的策略。3、比较和分析了MRPII/ERP的能力需求计划方法与计算机仿真方法在生产系统中的应用特点，指出计算机仿真方法的优势，并用Ithink仿真软件对企业生产系统生产能力进行了仿真研究。4、以A公司的生产系统为背景，在对生产系统生产能力分析的基础上建立了仿真模型，模拟了在采购周期、加工时间、调整时间以及返工率、废品率、机械开工率等因素作用下生产系统的产量、产出率和在制品数量的变化情况。5、研究在装配阶段生产能力的变化情况，通过仿真优化后确定合理作业人员数量。

Formalized description of reconfigurable manufacturing system is presented to serve as the theoretical basis for system optimization.

可重构制造系统的模型及其重构算法是可重构制造系统的形式化表示，是研究RcMS优化的理论基础。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。