模型

A mathematical model of airlift-loop reactor was developed with the two-fluid model and the theory of two-phase flow.

采用双流体模型和气液二相流体动力学理论建立了气升式环流反应器流体流动的数学模型，在此模型的基础上利用溶质渗透理论和各向同性湍流理论建立了局部液相体积传质系数数学模型。

Based on the individual model,a reliability evaluation model for parallel two-circuit transmission lines is proposed which considers in dependent outage ,common cause outage,and dependent outage .

提出了基于分离模型的考虑独立停运、共因停运和相关停运的双回平行输电线路可靠性评估模型，解决了传统的评估模型计算量大等缺点，在电力系统中双回路使用越来越多的情况下，使可靠性评估计及其他停运模型的影响成为可能。

The effect of joint deformation to truss displacement: 4 kinds of steel tube truss compute models are established making use of shell elements, truss elements, beam elements and combination of beam elements and truss elements.

采用板壳单元、桁架单元、梁单元以及弦杆为梁单元和腹杆为桁架单元的混合模型等四种计算模型分别建立了一个钢管桁架的有限元模型，计算并整理了各模型下桁架腹杆的轴力及各节点的位移。

Theoretically, the error model of maximum direction is more rigorous for describing error of transition curve lines.

通过实例说明了εm模型是理论上更加严密的缓和曲线误差模型，而εσ模型是一种简化的描述模型。

Based on the water environment spatial data mining and visualization method, the paper presents these main characteristics and innovations:①Measurement of contamination fluxes:A scene-based research strategy is proposed:measurement /water quality analysis→flow field simulation→contamination transformation rule→fluxes scene simulation→temporal-spatial rule analysis.②Serial numerical models of water environment in the Qiantang River:The controlled equations of the flow field model of the main river,united controlled equations of the main contamination fluxes and water quality prediction model at emergent time are set up.③GIS-based water quality and contamination fluxes decision-making assistance system:A water environment database has been set up;based on MapX and C#.net platform,a system has been developed to facilitate visual inquiry,decision-making and graphics export.

本文基于水环境空间数据挖掘与可视化的研究方法与体系，研究中的主要特色与创新点为：①河流污染物通量测算的技术与方法：提出了基于工况测量/水质分析→流场模拟→污染规律解析→通量情景模拟→时空规律分析的研究方案；②钱塘江水环境模拟系列数学模型：建立了钱塘江干流研究区域流场数学模型的控制方程、主要污染物通量模型的联合控制方程、突发污染事故水质预报模型的基本方程；③基于GIS的水质预报与污染物通量决策支持系统的研发：建立水环境时空数据库，基于MapX和C#。net平台进行系统的构建与开发，为研究的系列成果提供可视化的查询、决策与图形输出。

The main research tasks and results are as follows:(1) Through comparing the stress intensity factor of compact tension specimen calculated by finite element software with the theoretical value, the feasibility of calculating fracture parameters of crack tip in ABAQUS software was verified.(2) The relationship between the elastic modulus of the material and research scale was studied based on deriving the cohesive stress theory and other relevant theories. And the elastic modulus of the material on meso-scale was determined.(3) Global model and sub-model of the finite element were built in th...e macro-scale, and stress-strain field nearby the crack tip was analyzed, and the results show that the detailed stress-strain in the crack tip could be obtained by using the sub-model technique.(4) In meso-scale, the crack growth model was also established by assuming the crack propagating along the grain boundary, and the detailed stress-strain field in the crack tip was obtained.(5) The effect of crack length on Von Mises stress, and maximum principal stress and strain was analyzed in meso-scale when equivalent KI equals 30MPa.m1/2. And the results show that except for crack tip area, the stress-strain distribution in whole specimen is not affected.

主要完成研究内容和取得成果如下：(1)利用有限元软件计算出紧凑拉伸试样的裂纹尖端应力强度因子KI值，其结果与理论值一致，从而验证了利用ABAQUS计算裂纹尖端相关断裂参量的可行性；(2)在研究内聚应力等相关理论的基础上，推导出了研究尺度与材料弹性模量的近似关系，并确定了介观尺度上的弹性模量；(3)在宏观尺度上建立了全局有限元计算模型和子模型，得到了裂纹尖端应力应变场分布，结果表明利用子模型技术获得比较准确的裂纹尖端应力应变场分布是可行的；(4)在介观尺度上利用平均晶粒尺度的方式建立了裂纹沿晶扩展模型，得到了裂纹尖端断裂过程区的微观应力应变场；(5)当应力强度因子为30MPa.m1/2时，分析了介观尺度上在裂纹沿晶扩展过程中裂纹长度对Mises应力、最大主应力和应变的影响，结果表明，裂纹扩展长度对试样整体应力应变分布影响不大，而对裂纹尖端区域有较大影响；(6)介。。。

Human machine interfaces of tank driver cabin was compartmentalized based on the System Analysis and Ergonomic Method, the constitution method of 3D model was put forward by using the method related with computer graphics.

按照系统分析和人机工程学原理，对坦克驾驶舱人机界面的层次结构进行了划分，利用计算机图形学的相关方法，提出了坦克驾驶舱人机界面各组成部分的三维模型的构建方法，建立了坦克驾驶舱人机界面的元件库模型和人体模型；应用OpenGL三维计算机图形软件接口实现了坦克驾驶舱人机界面几何模型的构建，完成了坦克驾驶舱人机界面几何建模软件的开发。

Human-machine interfaces of tank driver cabin was compartmentalized based on the System Analysis and Ergonomic Method, the constitution method of 3D model was put forward by using the method related with computer graphics. The parts' libraries of human-machine interfaces and human body model were carried out. Finally, the design software of human-machine interface of tank driver cabin was developed on the basis of OpenGL, which established the foundation for the virtual design of human-machine interface of tank driver cabin.

按照系统分析和人机工程学原理，对坦克驾驶舱人机界面的层次结构进行了划分，利用计算机图形学的相关方法，提出了坦克驾驶舱人机界面各组成部分的三维模型的构建方法，建立了坦克驾驶舱人机界面的元件库模型和人体模型；应用OpenGL三维计算机图形软件介面实现了坦克驾驶舱人机界面几何模型的构建，完成了坦克驾驶舱人机界面几何建模软件的开发。

Afterwards, we have fulfilled motion analysis based on the vasuclar models which we have already built. We have brought forward some new ideas in motion analysis, thus designed and completed String Matching Method and Thin Plate Spline Model based Method. Further, we have invented a mixed model which combined feature based model and intensity based model together, so as to compensate both disadvantages.

我们提出了一些运动分析方面的新思路，设计并完成基于链码匹配技术的运动分析、基于薄型样条模型的运动分析，我们还提出了一种结合基于特征模型和基于灰度模型的混合模型进行运动分析，弥补了各自长期以来的缺陷。

The hot helium temperature follows HTR-10's nuclear power changes slowly, and there is a large coupling between them, so the RPHHT system adopts cascade control, the minor loop is fast, and the major loop is hot helium temperature control loop whose dynamic response is slow; there is also a large coupling between main helium loop and steam-water loop, and both the main steam temperature measure signal and the heating process of the once-through steam generator are delayed, therefore, the MHFMST applies cascade control, the minor is main helium flow control loop whose dynamic response is fast, and the major is the main steam temperature control loop whose dynamic response is slow.

本文运用机理建模法，建立了HTR-10系统动态控制模型，然后进行了动态性能仿真，将堆芯用集中参数表示，冷却剂按一维流动处理；直流蒸汽发生器按二回路工质不同的相分为预热段、蒸发段和过热段，建立了三环节控制模型，得到HTR-10系统控制模型；仿真结果与数值计算结果对比表明，本文所建立的控制模型，能近似地反映HTR-10的动态特性，适合设计控制系统。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。