模型

Secondly, the problem of linear prediction for Qy in the original model and its transformed model is considered, the notion of linear sufficiency and the problem of comparison of linear models with respect to prediction problems are proposed and the corresponding necessary and sufficient conditions for the transformation to be linearly sufficient and for one model to be superior over another are given, respectively.

其次，我们讨论了原始模型和变换模型下Qy的线性预测问题，提出了在该预测问题意义下的线性充分性和模型比较的概念，分别给出了变换Fy是线性充分的、以及一个模型优于另一个模型的充分必要条件，此外还得出了一些特殊结论。

Environment radon is mainly from rock and soil in geological environment, but the research is not connected with geological environment now. On the basis of physical field, the theoretical distribution model of radon in soil and exchange model of earth—air are set up by using Fick diffusion law and Dacy law, and then the research of environment radon is linked with geological environment. This paper described how the evry parameter of the theoretical model influence the radon concentration in air. The results of research indicat that molecule diffusion of radon is different from it's eddy form. Under the condition of surface radon source, the model experiment is used to study the transportation and distribution of radon in medium. The data of experiment show the relationship between radon and depth can be described by exponent. If the radioelement is well—distributtion, the concentration of radon in different depth or in different point at the same depth change with time, but the accumulated exhalation amount of radon at different point on the surface of model are close in relative long time. The author studied the exchange of radon between mediums and verified the theoretical models too.

环境氡主要来自岩石、土壤，而目前环境氡研究中与地质环境结合很少，为此作者以物理场为基础，运用气体运移的费克扩散定律和达西定律，建立起壤中氡浓度分布与大地—大气间氡交换理论模型，首次在理论上将环境氡与地质环境结合起来；论文中从理论上讨论了模型中各参数对空气中氡浓度的影响，发现空气中氡运移的分子扩散方式和湍流扩散方式存在明显差异；通过面状氡源条件下的氡运移模型实验，研究了介质中氡的运移与分布，实验数据表明氡浓度随深度的变化规律可用指数函数描述，在放射性元素分布均匀的条件下，介质中不同深度和同一深度不同点的氡浓度随时间而变，但介质表面不同点在较长时间内向空气中累计释放的氡的量是相近的；同时研究了不同介质间氡的交换，并验证了所建立的理论模型；运用理论模型预测青岛市城区壤中氡浓度、江西临川一住宅区空气中氡浓度及江西二个测区的区域空气中氡浓度分布，取得了较好的效果。

Meanwhile, the index futures hedge theory has also get a further development, which evolves from traditional hedge theory, the selectivity hedge theory and modern hedge theories. After analyzing the merits and shortcomings of the three theories, the paper mainly studies four minimum square hedge theory models, which are The traditional static OLS model, VECM model, one variable GARCH(1, 1) model and one variable GJR-GARCH(1, 1, 1) model. Established on September 8th in 2006, China Financial Futures Exchange initiated a new era of our country finance ramification-- index futures, opening a door for the China futures industry.

而股指期货的套期保值理论也随之得到长足发展，历经传统套期保值理论、选择性套期保值理论和现代套期保值理论，本文在分析三大理论优缺点的同时，着重研究现代套期保值理论即最小方差避险理论的四种模型：传统静态OLS模型、VECM模型、单变量GARCH(1，1)模型、单变量GJR—GARCH(1，1，1)模型。2006年9月8日，中国金融期货交易所的成立，掀开了我国金融衍生品种股指期货的新纪元，迎来了中国期货行业发展的机遇期。

According to the definition of axis straightness error ,a mathematical model was developed to evaluate axis straightness error by way of least square method in the rectangular coordinates.

根据轴线直线度误差的定义，建立了在直角坐标采样时该项误差的最小二乘评定法数学模型，该模型的采样数据不需要等角度间隔采样；并用计算机进行仿真分析·结果表明，所建立的数学模型编程简单，计算出的轴线直线度误差值与真实情况的误差小于 10 -6μm·因此由本模型引入的误差可忽略不计·所建立的数学模型为研制形位误差虚拟测量系统提供了理论基础

Based on the former drag reduction experiments of the bionic nonsmooth body of revolution models in the lowspeed wind tunnel, the simulation wind tunnel tests at the wind speed of 44 m/s were performed for the body of revolution models with the tail rectangularly disposed by three different nonsmooth structures, such as the convex dome form with the diameter/height of 1.0/0.5 mm, the dimple concave form with the diameter/depth of 1.0/0.5 mm, and the riblet form with the width/height of 1.0/0.5 mm, in contrast with the body of revolution model with smooth surface.

在前期进行的仿生非光滑旋成体模型低速风洞试验的基础上，将非光滑形态在旋成体模型上的排列方式固定为矩形布置，非光滑的尺寸固定为直径或宽度为1 mm，深度或高度为0.5 mm，在风速为44 m/s时，对布置在模型尾部的凸包形、凹坑形和棱纹形三种非光滑模型与表面光滑模型进行了对比模拟试验。

Some sub-models of the original KIVA code were modified, by introducing into the Kelvin-Helmholtz and Rayleigh-Taylor model for spray breakup, the multiple laminar and turbulent characteristic timescale combustion model, the heat transfer model of Han and Reitz, the Hiroyasu and Nagle soot model and the improved Shell auto-ignition model were added to the original KIVA, to improve the predictions of engine spray, ignition, combustion, gas/wall heat transfer and emissions.

为提高模拟精度对标准的KIVA程序进行了改进，引入KH-RT雾化模型、层流和湍流多重特征时间尺度燃烧模型、Han和Reitz传热模型以及Hiroyasu和Nagle碳烟排放模型来模拟柴油机多次脉冲喷雾、燃烧、壁面传热及排放过程，同时增添改进的Shell自燃模型来模拟着火过程。

Compared with the Mohr-Coulomb model, the new model 2 can describe the stain-harding and geometryharding characteristics of powder compaction. 5. Model verification. Using the new model, the simulation analysis was done on the powered metal compaction, the reliableness and application range of the new models were provided.

模型验证运用新模型对粉末压制过程进行仿真实验，验证了模型的可靠性，并给出了模型的适用条件：对高密度压坯成形的描述，新模型一具有足够的精度。

We simulate it with traditional reroute model, and the result indicates that the Bridge model has the better rerouting performance.

在对现有重路由模型的分析基础上，本论文提出了一种新的重路由模型——Bridge模型，并连同传统的重路由模型一起进行了仿真实验，结果表明Bridge模型具有较好的重路由性能。

Owing to the possible measurement error of variance and covariance for Markowitz's M-V model, in the present study, it employs two static models and two dynamic models, which are the sample covariance model, implicit factor mode!, implicit factor GARCH model and full-factor multivariate GARCH model.

基於Markowitz(1952)提出的M-V投资组合模型可能造成变异数及共变异数衡量的偏误，因此，本文以样本共变异数模型、内含因素模型等两我种静态模型，并参酌Alexander and Leigh(1997)的内含因子GARCH模型与Vrontos et al。

The mechanical behavior of Shape Memory Alloys material is tested, and the constitutive model of the SMA is established. A kind of SMA combined rubber isolator is developed, and the isolation effect of the SMA combined rubber isolator for long-span bridge and tall building structures is numerically simulated, from which the adaptive isolation performance and the self-restoring capacity of the SMA combined rubber isolator are verified. A kind of SMA damper is developed, the mechanical behavior of the SMA damper is tested, and the model of restoring force of the SMA damper is established. The theory and method of adaptive control based on the SMA damper for the long-span bridge are built, and the effectiveness and reliability of the adaptive control for the long-span bridge using the SMA damper are verified through numerical simulation and model test. The MRF-04K type magnetorheological damper is developed, the mechanical behavior of the MR damper is tested, and the model of restoring force of the MR damper is established. The theory and method of adaptive control based on the MR damper for the long-span bridge and tall building structures are built, and the effectiveness and reliability of the adaptive control for the long-span bridge and tall building structures using the MR damper are verified through numerical simulation and model test. In addition, the theory and method of sub-structural damage identification for long-span bridge are derived, the influence of soil-structure dynamic interaction on the seismic isolation and control effects with different isolation and control measures and the damage responses and the sliding base-isolation of large structures under the excitation of underground explosion are investigated.

试验研究了形状记忆合金材料的力学性能，建立了SMA材料的本构模型；研制了一种SMA复合橡胶隔震支座，数值仿真分析了应用SMA复合橡胶支座的大跨桥梁和高层建筑结构的隔震效果，从而验证了SMA复合橡胶支座的自适应隔震性能及其震后自恢复能力；研制了一种SMA阻尼器，试验研究了SMA阻尼器的力学性能，建立了SMA阻尼器的恢复力模型，建立了基于SMA阻尼器的大跨桥梁结构自适应控制理论与方法，通过数值仿真与模型试验验证了大跨桥梁结构SMA阻尼器自适应控制的有效性与可靠性；研制了一种MRF-04K型磁流变阻尼器，试验研究了MR阻尼器的力学性能，建立了MR阻尼器的恢复力模型，建立了基于MR阻尼器的大跨桥梁和高层建筑结构的自适应控制理论与方法，通过数值仿真和模型试验验证了大跨桥梁和高层建筑结构MR阻尼器自适应控制的有效性与可靠性；还建立了大跨桥梁结构的子结构损伤识别的理论与方法，研究了土-结构动力相互作用对不同隔震和控制措施的减震控制效果的影响以及地下爆炸波作用下各类大型结构的灾害响应与滑移隔震。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。