模

Furthermore every left -Hopf module is injective as a left L-comdule.

进一步，证明每一个左-Hopf模在作为L-余模时是内射模。

In chapter two,we consider a lumped mass generalized difference scheme for linear integro-differential equation in two dimensions.Lp and error estimates of the generalized Ritz-Volterra projection u ? V and and -norm error estimates of Dk = 1,2 are made,then we obtain and -norm error estimates of u?

第二章考虑二维线性积分微分方程的广义差分集中质量法，建立了广义Ritz-Volterra投影，得到u-V_h~*u的W~(1，p)和L~p(2≤p≤∞)模误差估计和D_t~k，k=1，2的V~p和W~(1，p)(2≤p≤∞)模误差估计，从而得到u-u_h的最优W~(1，p)和L~p(2≤p≤∞)模误差估计。

In chapter three,we consider first order generalized difference scheme for linear Sobolev equation in two dimensions.Lp and W1,p-norm error estimates of the Ritz-Volterra projection u-Vhu and W1,p-norm super error estimate of uh-Vhu are made,so we obtain Lp and W1,p-norm error estimatesOf u-uh.

第三章考虑二维线性Sobolev方程的一阶广义差分格式，建立 Ritz－Volterra投影模误差估计和的模超收敛估计，从而得到的最优模误差估计。

In this paper, applying an integral expression of linear viscoelastic theory, several integral equation expressions for obtaining shear modulus G from stress relaxation modulus E{t and bulk modulus K are acquired by using inversion of the Laplace Transform.

本文应用线粘弹性理论的一种粘弹性积分变换式，采用拉氏逆变换，导出了由拉伸松弛模量E和体积松弛模量K求解剪切模量G的几种积分方程，并给出了由已知试验数据E和K通过迭代和数值积分求G的数值积分算法。

At the same time, under the condition of small strain, firstly, the secant shear modulus was always larger than the tangent shear modulus. Secondly, when the logarithmic coordinates were applied to describe shear strain, the decrease of shear modulus with shear strain could be expressed by reversed S shape curve with two inflexion points, and through analyzing and validating, the deduced equation could perfectly reflect this characteristic. Finally, different stress paths and strain areas would lead to different attenuation trends.

而且，在小应变范围内，割线剪切模量总是大于切线剪切模量；当剪切应变采用对数坐标表示时，剪切模量随着剪切应变的增加而衰减，且衰减的规律都可以表示为带有两个拐点的反S型曲线，经分析验证本文所得公式3可以对此特性进行很好地反映；但应力路径、应变范围不同其衰减幅度不同。

This paper has presented structures and characteristics of mandrel s used for the fabrication of FW products.

本文介绍了PVC／FRP缠绕制品芯模的材料结构特点、芯模受力分析和芯模的强度刚性计算。

A kind of model of rotor-bearing-seal system dynamics is set up integrally in this thesis. Within this model, a new modal order-reduction method is presented, which takes the influence of nonlinear forces into account in the process of modal transformation, which makes the determination of the transformation matrix more reasonable and accurate.

提出了一种模态降阶新方法，在模态变换过程中充分考虑系统中非线性力的影响，使得模态变换矩阵的选取更为合理准确。

Taking the drawing die for the wheel spoke as an example, a method by adopting the rigid blank_holding ring after refining treatment, and by controlling the clearance between the blank_holding ring and the matrix surface and reducing the curvature radium of the matrix mouth was introduced.

以车轮轮辐拉伸模为例，介绍采用调质处理的刚性压边圈，并通过控制压边圈与凹模平面的间隙和减小凹模口圆角半径的方法，能够实现在普通压力机上直接拉伸，使制件质量稳定、操作简便，并降低了生产成本，提高了材料的利用率。

The calculation method of compaction mould cavity dimensions, the principles and methods of reusing treatment of old mould material and water glass in the process of investment casting were put forward and introduced.

提出并介绍了在熔模铸造生产过程中，压型型腔尺寸的计算方法，以及旧模料回用处理和水玻璃预处理的机理与方法，对于熔模铸造生产具有一定的参考价值。

At first step, the processor before the deformable body contact the end face of cone die cavity regarded as an extrusion process. The minification of core boss's cross-section regarded as compressibility of direct extrusion, which acted as definition factor when construct the Direct Extrusion Model element. Another step, the model element of flat punch extrusion on wedge piece process was constructed when propose the process of deformable body overflow die corner. In this way the spherical end face of blank looked as cone end face one, t he approximate treatment is one of originality innovation in this paper. At last, the two elements have been connected and constructed the model element of cone boss part's deformation in the open die forging.

对于锥形凸台成形的第一个特征时段，即坯料和锥形凸台型腔的端面接触之前的变形过程，本文将凸台的截面缩小率转换成挤压成形的压缩率并以此为界定，建立了不同截面缩小率时的锥形模正挤压的模型单元；对于锥形凸台成形的第二特征时段即锥形模的角部充满过程，在详细考察锥形型腔端面对变形过程影响的基础上，将变形体的球形端面近似成锥面建立了平冲头挤压楔形体的模型单元；最后将前述两种模型单元有机连结，构建了开式模锻中整个锥形凸台成形过程的定量描述。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。