榕小蜂

In this paper, big-leaved fig wasps fly out of the formation of channel-depth research to on the tree - fig wasp coevolution valuable basis for research.

本文对大叶榕小蜂出飞通道的形成进行深入的研究，以期对榕树—榕小蜂协同进化关系研究提供有价值的依据。

This paper presents for the first time information on the reproductive ecology of two dioecious fig species, mainly on their phenology, the reproductive behaviors of associated fig wasp s and ecology.

本文主要从榕树物候学、榕小蜂繁殖行为学和生态学三个方面展开对西双版纳热带雨林下的歪叶榕和假斜叶榕两种榕树的繁殖机制研究。

Fig species are usually exclusively pollinated by a unique species of pollinating fig wasp.

榕树和榕小蜂(昆虫纲：膜翅目：榕小蜂科)是研究协同进化的经典范例之一。

Moraceae banyan genera plants are implicit in the flower inflorescence, its gall a little bee habitat Agaonidae division insects.

桑科榕属植物都有隐花序，其瘿花中栖生着榕小蜂科昆虫。

This article discusses the big-leaved fig (Ficus virens var.sublanceolata) of fig wasps Blastophaga sp.

本文主要论述大叶榕（Ficus virens var.sublanceolata）的榕小蜂（Blastophaga sp。

As to which one would like to pay the evolutionary cost to develop the mechanism to maintain the system stable, it seems that only the figs developed the mechanism to maintain the system stable by positive regulation to foundress number to be in their fruit cavities.

由于榕树与榕小蜂所竞争的公共资源仅只有榕树所提供，因而维持系统稳定的博弈中榕树所获得利益比榕小蜂大，这样就形成了一个&智猪博弈&，因而维持系统稳定的机制只由一方进化而来。

We produced two groups of pollinating wasps, either carrying pollen or not, and introduced one or two foundress wasps from each group into single figs. Figs entered by no wasps aborted rapidly, but almost all figs entered by wasps completed their development normally, except a few entered by a single pollen-free wasp.

结果发现：没有传粉榕小蜂进入的隐头花序果会很快终止发育并脱落；而在放了传粉榕小蜂的隐头花序果里，除少数几个放一只不带粉的外，隐头花序果基本都能完成其生活史。

Ficus - bees are symbiotic system of plants belong to banyans moraceae with little bees pollinate banyan with the ecology benefit form.

榕-蜂共生系统是桑科榕属植物与传粉榕小蜂专一互惠形成的生态学关系。

Fig/fig pollinator mutualistic systems are exploited by non-pollinating fig wasps.

榕树与传粉榕小蜂的互惠共生体系被多种非传粉榕小蜂利用。

Mutualism is a relationship between individuals of different species that benefits all the partners. However, this interaction may also be described as mutual exploitation. The "host sanctions effect" predicts that the hosts punish partners that cheat by receiving benefits without paying for them. Fig trees and their fig-pollinating wasps constitute a mutualistic system with a mainly one-to-one relationship.

为验证榕树与其传粉榕小蜂这一严格的、一对一的互利共生系统中是否存在寄主惩罚效应，作者于2007年在云南省西双版纳热带植物园中对雌雄同株的垂叶榕仍进行了单果放蜂实验。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。