概述

To get a complete overview of the issues surrounding refillable packaging, the researchers completed a thorough review of all literature in this area, surveyed consumers, and held workshops with business stakeholders in the UK.

为了对周围的可更换笔芯的包装问题的完整的概述，研究人员完成了在这一领域的所有文献进行彻底审查，调查的消费者中，与在英国的商业利益相关者举办的讲习班。

Studies on basic working principles and designs of fiber lasersThe basic working principles as well as the major characteristics of laser and fiber lasers are firstly reviewed,including the interaction between light and matter, the laser oscillation conditions and the spectrum distribution,the gain characteristic and spatial hole burning effect,the influence of external environment on the stability of laser output and the actual limits of fiber laser bandwidth;The designs of bidirectional single-mode Er-doped fiber ring laser and multi-wavelength laser is then discussed,respectively;The characteristics of dynamic grating reflection spectrum of the fiber saturable absorber is systematically analyzed.?

在激光型光纤传感器的设计、实验现象的理论解释等方面做了如下的研究工作：光纤激光器的基本原理与设计方案概述了激光和光纤激光器的基本原理，包括光与物质的相互作用，激光振荡的条件及频谱分布等激光产生的基本原理：掺铒光纤的增益性质，空间烧孔效应和外界扰动对激光输出稳定性的影响，光纤激光器的实际极限带宽等光纤激光器的相关知识；分别讨论了双向单纵模环形腔激光器和多波长激光器的设计方案；系统地分析了掺杂光纤饱和吸收体中形成的动态光栅的反射谱特性。

In chapter 4, the in situ measurement system composed of the six-port reflectometer and the coaxial probe is introduced and some guidelines for in situ measurement is highlighted.

第二章建模和计算先对建模方法和反演方法进行了概述，然后建立了同轴探头的谱域全波模型，着重讨论了伽辽金矩量法求解积分方程有关的积分计算问题，分析了同轴探头高次模式的影响，最后给出了波导探头的谱域模型。

The fourth part summarizes today's "township government and village self-governance"regime, especially mentions the problems and troubles encountered by the township government. An introduction of academic circles'reformable approaches toward the present township government's model is also provided here in the hope to offer enlightenment.

第四部分概述了现阶段"乡政村治"体制，尤其是乡镇政权一级所面临的问题和困境，进而介绍了理论界关于现时期乡村治理模式的几种改革观点。

This paper reviews advances in researches of life cycle management using pharmaceutical reformulation .

概述通过新制剂进行药品生命周期管理的研究进展。

This paper discussed the significance of eco-economic regionalization of the Loess Plateau as reported in existing literature.

在概述生态经济分区现状的基础上，提出了在黄土高原进行生态经济分区的重要意义。

Crinimal protest right is a kind of right for procuratorate department to request court to rehearing the case that maybe is a miscarriage of justice.

一、刑事诉权概述诉权是"向法院对一定的人提出诉这种请求的权利["1]。

The significance of research: bilingual teaching can promote the comprehensive qualities and add more value into the P.E. lesson. Chapter 2 Proposing the question: the definition of bilingual teaching; related notion; bilingual pattern and model in our country (2) expatiating the situation of bilingual teaching at home and aborad; comparing the bilingual teaching between home and aboard.

第二章—问题的提出：(1)双语教学概念；相关概念；我国体育双语教学的界定；我国双语教学的类型和模式(2)国内外双语教学概述；国内外双语教学研究现状；国内外双语教学的比较(3)本课题研究的意义：从提高学生英语能力，以及学生参与体育锻炼的积极性这两个方面来说明开展小学体育双语教学的附加值；(4)研究方法。

This discussion of steady-state aerodynamics not only outlines sources of textbook material, but also provides an insight into the relatedness to other factors.

定常空气动力学的讨论不仅概述了教科书上的材料，而且提供了对有关的其它因素的看法。

For this reason, changes in the electronic structure due to relativistic effects are important for these properties.

本文第一章对前人有关这一研究领域的基本理论方法进行了概述性的介绍。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。