概率分布

Firstly, after the analysis on probability distribution of GenCos' bidding results, a concept of bid acceptance probability distribution function of GenCos is proposed; then based on the features of bidding structure in day-ahead and real-time markets, a multi-objective bi-level programming bidding strategy model in day-ahead and real-time markets for GenCos is built for electricity markets in which the step-wise bidding function and pay-as-bid settlement protocols are utilized; and then in order to solve the proposed model an algorithm based on Monte Carlo method and genetic algorithm is designed; finally, the simulation of numerical examples are performed to verify the correctness of the proposed model and algorithm.

首先在分析了发电商竞价结果的概率分布之后，提出了发电商竞价成功概率分布函数的概念。然后基于日前和实时市场中投标结构的特点，针对采用分段报价和按报价结算(pay as bid price，PAB)方式的电力市场，建立了日前和实时市场中发电商的多目标二层规划竞价策略模型，并设计了以蒙特卡罗方法和遗传算法为基础的求解算法。最后采用算例对所提出的模型和算法进行了仿真验证。

Both the fuzziness and the randomness of the basic variable and the state variable are considered in the present method.

结合工程实际，提出了非闭合隶属函数的截断可能性分布模型，并对模糊强度和模糊应力进行截断处理，给出了结构模糊随机失效概率随截断参数的分布，并给出了结构模糊随机失效概率分布的数值计算方法。

In addition, there will be bimodal distribution for time series if there is a linear trend, but it doesn't change the probability distribution of differences of scalars.

同时，也发现，线性趋势的存在会使原变量的概率分布出现双峰，但是不会影响变量差的概率分布。

Statistic trains the histogram of example every to distributing, use at describing the probability distribution of person face and feature of impersonal face exterior, every histogram states coefficient of a group of small wave and they are in person face associated probability density of the position.

统计每个练习样本的直方图分布，用于描述人脸和非人脸外观特征的概率分布，每个直方图表示一组小波系数和它们在人脸中位置的联合概率密度。

The technique of parameters normalization based on piecewise estimating the cumulative distribution function is performed in this paper. In this way the non-Gaussianity in the means of the cumulative distribution of Mel-cepstral parameters is decreased. Thus GMMs with fewer mixtures could model them precisely.

本文提出了一种基于分段估计概率分布函数的规整方法，在概率分布的意义上降低特征参数偏离高斯分布的程度，从而可以用较低混合度的高斯混合模型对其建模。

It is seen from the fitting results between the frequency distribution curve and the empirical distribution dots that it is proper to use the generalized Pareto distribution to describe the probability distribution of the partial duration series.

从频率分布曲线与经验分布点据拟合的情况看，运用广义Pareto概率分布来描述部分历时序列的概率分布是合适的。

This article estimates the extreme loss distribution with extreme value theory, estimates the shape parameter with HKKP estimator, which is unbiased to small sample data, selects the right threshold by selecting smallest mean square error of the estimated cumulative distribution function and empirical cumulative distribution function and based on the extreme value theory method, this article estimates the extreme loss distribution and the p-percentile operational loss under certain believe range for Chinese commercial banks, then calculates the operational risk supervise capital.

本文利用极值理论对中国商业银行操作损失极端值分布进行估计，针对尾参数估计的来用传统Hill佑计对小样本数据容易产生偏倚的情况，提出了采用Hill佑计的改进―小样本无偏估计的HKKP佑计来估计操作损失的尾参数，针对由于阈值确定不准确导致结果偏差大的情况，采用最小化估计的累计概率分布与经验累计概率分布平均平方误差的方法确定较精确的阈值，估计出给定置信水平下操作风险损失的分位数，从而使得中国商业银行操作风险监管资本的测定成为可能。

Then, forecasting return is accomplished. Because of being free of probability distribution suppositions for the sale quantity and the return quantity, such as the binomial distribution and the polynomial distribution, the model is more flexible compared to previous forecasting models.

该预测方法的突出特点是，无需像以往预测模型那样假定回收量和前期销售量符合特定的概率分布(例如多项式概率分布或二项式分布)，因此模型具有较强的通用性。

The output probability distribution of charge carrier multiplier structure from the electron multiplying charge-coupled device and its influence on image uniformity are studied. The probability model is established for the CCM structure of EMCCD. And based on the probability generating function and its properties, the probability distribution function of multiple CCM stages is deduced and its application in improving image uniformity is also discussed.

为了研究电子倍增电荷耦合器件中电荷载流子倍增结构的输出概率分布及其对图像均匀性的影响，建立了EMCCD中CCM结构的概率模型，利用概率生成函数推导了多级CCM倍增结构的输出概率密度函数，讨论了PDF在提高图像均匀性中的应用。

With unbiasedness proved,it analyzes precision,describles probability distribution model of successful match in serial image match,and gives the definition of SIM algorithm match probability.

并给出了成功匹配的概率分布模型，定义了序列图像匹配算法的匹配概率，通过实例分析了序列图像匹配算法的匹配概率、图像序列数、单幅匹配概率之间的定量关系，为实际图像匹配系统算法、序列数目的选择提供了重要的理论决策依据。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。