概率

Firstly, we consider the problem of the representation formula for the transition probability density of a right process under Girsanov transform. Secondly,we consider the problem of the MEMMs (minimal entropy martingale measure)for Markov switching Levy processes, and justify that the minimal entropy martingale measure is obtained by some regime switching Esscher transform. At last,we consider the problem of the invariant measure and the ergodic property of recurrent right processes. This paper includes 5 chapters.

首先，我们考虑了满足一定条件的右过程在Girsanov变换下的转移概率密度的表达式问题；其次，我们考虑了由Markov调制的Lévy过程的最小相对熵鞅测度的问题，证明了其最小相对熵鞅测度是某个状态转换Esscher变换；最后，我们考虑了右过程的不变测度及其遍历性的问题。

According to Oseledec multiplicative ergodic theory and singular boundary theory, the conditions of local and global stability were acquired.

为了研究随机因素对经济系统稳定性的影响，建立了系统可靠性函数和首次穿越时间概率密度函数，并结合初始条件和边界条件得到了数值结果。

According to the Logistic Equation and the impact of stochastic factors, a stochastic nonlinear dynamical model had been presenred. The max Lyapunov exponent was calculated by Oseledec multiplicative ergodic theory, the local stability conditions had been obtained; the global stability conditions had also been obtained by judging the modality of the singular boundary; the stochastic Hopf bifurcation was analyzed using the invariant measure of stable probability density, and the condition of stochastic Hopf bifurcation had been discussed. The key parameter impacting the urban domestic water consumption had been found by numerical emulation.

根据Logistic阻滞增长模型原理，考虑到诸多随机因素的影响，本文建立了一个城市生活用水量的随机非线性模型，运用Oseledec乘性遍历定理计算了模型的最大Lyapunov指数，得到了局部稳定性的条件；通过对扩散边界性态的分析，得到了全局稳定性的条件；通过分析系统平稳状态概率密度的不变测度，得到了模型随机Hopf分岔的条件，结合实际进行了数值仿真，得到了影响用水量的关键参数。

At last, with the assistance ofprobability statistics, the location limit error of the arm is obtainedwhile the arm is moving.

最后，借助概率统计方法，求得了六臂运动过程中定位的极限误差。

ABSTRACT This dissertation focuses on the probability of error.

本文的研究工作围绕分类错误概率这一中心展开。

To make an inference, you first need to estimate the probability of that error

为得出推论，你首先需要估计这一误差的概率

The result of measurement indicated that actual error probability was of the order of 1 percent.

测量结果表明，实际误差概率约为1%。

Assume that the probability of bit error is 10^-3 and that it is independent for each bit.

传输每一比特时发生错误的概率是10^-3(10的-3次方，即0.001)，且每一比特的传输都是独立的。

Finally, the efficiency and error probability are demonstrated.

还说明了该数字锁相环的效率和出错概率。

The new equipment will reduce the error probability by seven times.

译：新设备的误差概率将降低6/7。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。