概率

Parrondo's paradox describes that given two games, both of them are losing, when alternated in a periodic or random fashion, can produce a winning result. In this paper, we theoretically analyze the situation that game A and B are played in any alternating order using discrete Markov chain technique when modulo M is equal to four.

Parrondo悖论定律为对于给定的两个博弈，如果每个博弈输的概率都大于赢的概率，那么当这两个博弈随机或周期进行时就可能产生一种获胜的结果。

Then thedistribution of the students during the period is analyzed and thealgorithm is proposed according to the size of the total students sample.Finally based on the research above, a modified dynamic probabilitydistribution algorithm is proposed to meet the the real-time and equitydemand of the course-selection system. Compared with the knownalgorithms, this algorithm can put in practice real-time course-selection.At the same time the anticipator can select the course with the sameprobability.

本文首先对已有的选课算法进行了比较研究，随后对选课人数随时间的分布进行了分析，并进行相关算法研究，按照选课样本的大小提出了相应的算法；最后综合上述算法，提出了一种改进的基于概率动态分布的选课算法思想，使得整个选课过程中，实时性与概率动态分布有了很好的结合与体现，既实现了实时选课，又能后使得参选人尽可能的拥有相等的机会(即实现选课过程中的相对公平合理性)选中某个课堂。

This paper introduces Monte Carlo method to evaluate the effect of dipping sonar searching algorithm for submarine combining with army's aviation antisubmarine.

引入蒙特卡罗法对吊放声纳搜潜方法进行效能评估，以概率和统计理论方法得出其搜索概率作为评定吊放声纳搜潜方法效能的指标。

First, the S-CDMA-HFC system with integrated traffic is introduced and the method of traffic integration is given. Second, the upstream channel capacity of the S-CDMA-HFC system with integrated traffic that has the same rate is analyzed. The chronoff limit and Gaussian approximate equation of the upstream channel cutoff probability are derived. Third, the impact of the selection of the line transmission rate on the upstream channel capacity of the S-CDMA-HFC system with integrated traffic is discussed in detail. The cutoff probability and throughout equations of the upstream channel with different integrated traffic are derived. Fourth, the impact of the power control error on the capacity is discussed. Results show that the power control error will degrade the upstream channel capacity and have different influence on the different traffic. Finally, the capacity requirement of the initialization process is raised. Analytical results show that the initialization process will impact on the capacity slightly.

首先，简单介绍了综合业务S-CDMA-HFC系统，给出了业务综合的方法；然后，分析了具有相同码率的综合业务条件下的S-CDMA-HFC系统上行信道容量，导出上行信道中断概率的切尔诺夫上限和高斯近似公式；然后，详细讨论了基本传输速率的选择对综合业务S-CDMA-HFC系统上行信道容量的影响，导出了不同业务综合条件下上行信道的中断概率和吞吐量公式；然后，讨论了功率控制误差对综合业务S-CDMA-HFC系统上行信道容量的影响，结果表明功率控制误差会使上行信道容量下降，且对不同业务的影响程度是不同的；最后给出了初始接入的容量要求，分析结果表明初始接入将对综合业务S-CDMA-HFC系统上行容量带来影响，但不明显。

The reliable of FCT was calculated respectively by using narrowcasting formula and approximation calculus formula.

利用独立的失效概率为q的Bernoulli试验序列、概率公式和递增凸函数的性质推导出了钻井油气层测试器的可靠度的近似计算公式。

In comparison to the asymptotic formula for the independent case,ours contains an extra factor representing the impact of the dependence of X and Y.

我们的结果显示，当单个索赔额分布F为指数分布时，上述尾概率均与gamma分布尾概率与某因子的乘积渐近等价。

The closed-form formula and its asymptotic form of system outage probability are derived, through which it is shown that the outage probability decreased by a factor of γ-KNtNr here γ denotes the average SNR

理论推导出中断概率的闭式解及其近似解，通过该近似解，可以得到中断概率以γ-KNtNr 的形式减少这里γ是平均信噪比SNR

Secondly, a asymptotic approximation formula of structurefailure probability is presented in generalized stochastic space with correlatedrandom variables by the asymptotic method of Laplace integral, by which the failureprobability and risk analysis on the chamfered vertical breakwater have been done.

其次，利用Laplace型积分的渐近计算方法，还推导出了广义随机空间相关荷载变量作用下结构失效概率的一个新的渐近计算公式，并依此算法对削角直立堤进行失效概率的计算以及风险评估。

The main contributions in this area are summarized as follows,? The closed-form formula and its asymptotic form of system outageprobability are derived, through which it is shown that the outage probability decreased by a factor ofγ~(hereγdenotes the average SNR);? The closed-form formula of outage capacity is derived, through which weshow that 1 outage capacity increases with the increases of mean value of sytem SNR, and decreases with the increase of the variance of system average SNR; 2 in order to obtain higher outage capacity, the number of transmit antenna should be no more than that of receive antennas.?

特别的，针对多用户发送天线选择／最大比合并系统，主要贡献总结如下：·理论推导出中断概率的闭式解及其近似解，通过该近似解，可以得到中断概率以γ~的形式减少(这里γ是平均信噪比SNR)·推导出平均中断容量的闭式表达式，研究表明：1中断容量随着有效平均SNR的均值的增加而增加，随着有效平均SNR的方差的增大而减小；2为了获得更高的中断容量，发送天线的数目应当不大于接收天线的数目。

In chapter three, the new concepts of the bifurcation point and asymptotic bifurcation point of compact continuous operators in Menger PN-spaces are introduced. Some sufficient conditions for the existence of the bifurcation point and asymptotic bifurcation point are obtained. And the problems on the intrinsic value and intrinsic element of compact continuous operators are studied in Menger PN-spaces. A series of theorems on the existence of the intrinsic value and intrinsic element are obtained.

第三章，在概率赋范线性空间中提出非线性算子的歧点和渐近歧点的新概念，获得了非线性算子存在歧点和渐近歧点的充分条件；讨论了Menger概率赋范线性空间中非线性算子的固有值和固有元问题，得到了非线性算子存在固有值和固有元的一系列充分条件。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。