概念地

"Dignity" is a concept frequently presented in bioethics. American bioethicist Ruth Macklin thought that dignity is not only unimportant in bioethics, but also can be replaced by other concept, such as respect autonomy, without any loss.

"尊严"是频繁出现在生命伦理学中的一个概念，但美国学者麦克琳却在最近认为，尊严在生命伦理学中是个无用的概念，可以毫无损失地用其它概念，比如尊重人的自主性概念所代替。

A review of the literature in Taiwan revealed a lack of recent systematic analysis on dysphasia. The purpose of this article was to discuss dysphasia within the concept analysis framework provided by Walker and Avant (2004). This article verified and confirmed the conceptual characteristics of dysphasia; identified antecedents and consequences; and elaborated on previous cases (including model, borderline, contradictory, and related cases).

虽然目前有不少的文献探讨吞咽障碍的评估与处置，但并无针对吞咽障碍作有系统的概念分析，故本文依Walker及Avent(2004)提出概念澄清与分析方法来进行吞咽障碍的概念分析，广泛性地查证此概念之定义及确认吞咽障碍的概念性特徵，并且列举典型、边缘与相反案例作说明，同时确认吞咽障碍发生的前因与后果并阐述相关实证资料。

The models proposed, in addition to the VPC model proposed previously, include GAMM and GAMP for the modeling of manufacturing facility and process, respectively. The concepts of manufacturing capability for facility and process, as well as the mechanism for matching them, were also introduced into the proposed model. With these models, the knowledge of manufacturing facility and process for products with wide variations can be concisely represented for agile manufacturing execution control.

所提出之制造工程知识模型除先前所提之产品组构变异模型VPC外，尚包括表达生产设施变异知识之GAMM模型及表达制造流程变异知识之GAMP模型，此外，本文更引介了生产设施之产制能力及产品制程之产制能力需求的概念，以及两者如何匹配比对的机制，依此提出之制造工程知识模型及产制能力的概念定义与匹配机制，将能适当有效地表达非常多样变异的产品制造变异知识，从而能有效地支援精敏制造之执行管控的适切运作。

Nevertheless, if I wished to give some sort of indication by choosing one or two "names," and by recalling those authors in whose discourses this occurrence has most nearly maintained its most radical formulation, I would probably cite the Nietzschean critique of metaphysics, the critique of the concepts of being and truth, for which were substituted the concepts of play, interpretation, and sign; the Freudian critique of self-presence, that is, the critique of consciousness, of the subject, of self-identity and of self-proximity or self-possession; and, more radically, the Heideggerean destruction of metaphysics, of onto-theology, of the determination of being as presence.

假如，我们无论如何要以直陈的名义选择一些"特殊的名字"，提及一些最能表征这种发生过程之极端形式的作者的话，那无疑地就得引用尼采对形而上学和存在及真理概念的批判，因为这些概念被游戏、解释、和符号的概念(即无在场真理的符号概念)所代替；就得引用弗洛伊德对自我呈现的批判，也就是说对意识、主体、自我一致性、自我临近、自我同性的批判：更激进一点，就得引用海德格尔对形而上学、存在论神学、作为在场的存在的规定性的解构。

From the Warring States Period to the Qin Dynasty, the ancient myths and the ways of searching longevity indicated that the"God"concept was equal to the"immortal"which emphasized that the athanasy of the life is a"divine"nature, unlike ordinary people. In the Han Dynasty, the immortal concept undergone a subtle change, the god was becoming closer to the"human"existence. After the establishment of the Taoism, The Eastern Jin Taoist scholars Gehong established the immortal concept of Taoism,and put the"God"downgraded to longevity who practicing the longevous knowledge,and even established a"Dixian"concept. This completed the transformation process of"Shenren"to"Dixian"concept.

从战国至秦代神话的内容和古人探求长生不死的方式来看，最初&神&和&仙&的概念是一致的，强调的是神的先天不死性，体现为不同于凡人的&神人&概念，汉时的神仙思想发生了微妙变化，神仙逐渐变为接近于&人&的存在，道教创立后，东晋的道教学者葛洪把先天的&神&降格为懂得长生术的&人&，并提出了&地仙&概念，完成了&神人&向&地仙&概念的转变。

This dissertation, in the light of the limitations of existed methods, suggest an algorithm based on Conception Hierarchy Tree for data mining, constructing tree from bottom to top through the method of variedly dividing interval and realizing conception hierarchy construction and conception exaltation isochronously.

本文针对已有数据分类算法的不足，采用&变间隔分割初始区间&和&概念层次构建与概念提升同步&的方式&自底向上&地构建概念层次树，提出并实现了基于概念层次树的数据挖掘改进算法。

Anton de Bary invented the concept of symbiosis; several Russian biologists promoted the idea; Edwin Wilson mentioned it in his epic text The Cell; a book was published in the U.S.A. in 1927 with the title Symbionticism and the origin of species; and there was a brief mention by Julian Huxley in 1930; all in vain because sufficient evidence was lacking.

安东·德巴里创造了共生这一概念；几个俄罗斯生物学家提升了这一概念；埃德温·威尔逊在他的巨著《细胞》中提到了这一概念； 1927年美国出版的一本书的书名为《共生体和物种起源》； 1930年朱利安·赫胥黎简要地提到这一概念；因为缺乏足够的证据，所有这些都是徒劳的。

The paper reviews the development in the analytical theory of mechanical behavior of composites, pointing out the problems existed, presenting creatively the concept of yarn state, solving the descriptive problem of perform structure of any woven composites and laying the foundation for predetermining the elastic behavior of 3-d woven composites with computer. On the basis of yarn state, the relative cross section deformation theory is introduced, the yarn cross section deformation is studied, and the experiential formula is described in the paper on the basis of experiment. The crimping state of yarn is studied, the classical "straight warp view"is modified, and the crimp height value of crimped yarn is studied. At the same time, with shrinkage rate sine method, the paper proposes the idea which imitate the shape of crimped yarn. With the third power template curve, the paper describes the microgeometry structure of fabric, finding a brief and precise approach for the calculation of mechanical behavior of composites.

本文回顾了复合材料力学性能分析理论的发展，指出了存在的问题，创造性地提出了纱态概念，解决了任意结构机织复合材料预制件结构表征问题，进而为用计算机预报三维机织复合材料的弹性性能打下了基础；基于纱态概念，提出了相对截面变形理论，研究了纱线截面变形情况，在实验的基础上给出了纱线截变经验公式；研究了纱线屈曲状态，修正了传统的&地经纱直线论&，提出了以纱线缩率研究屈曲峰谷值的思想，同时以三次样条曲线拟合了纱线的卷曲形状，较好地描述了织物的细观几何结构，为复合材料力学性能的计算找到了一条既比较简便又比较精确的途径。

Applied ethics is not a real subject. It does not have a complete theory and system but rather a loose cluster of applied problems lack of rigorous logic structure. It is only convenient for the explanations, clarification and presentation of some practical problems and probe to occupational regulations. It uses part of the theory and methodology from ethics and only a study concept of opportunisism and education. It offers relativism repair for sermonized or secular ethics promulgation. It also uses the postmodern methods of intuitionism or circumstancesm, transplants and produce a series of post-classic principles which are self evident. Applied ethics is born as a simple and brutal measurement tools with the background of fussy and blundering academic situation.

应用伦理学还不是一门真正的学科，它没有一个完整的理论与体系，它只是一个松散、缺乏严密逻辑结构的&应用问题群&，只是便于对实践问题的解释、阐明、陈述和对职业规范的探究，运用伦理学的部分理论与研究方法，与社会和人类对话；它只是一种机会主义的研究概念、教育概念和体制化传达语式，并为说教或俗世伦理学的传播而进行的相对主义修补，其运用直觉主义或境遇主义的后现代手段，移植或制造一系列&不证自明的&后经典原则，实用主义地、分裂地、常常孤立地对具体问题予以说明。

First, rebuilt the concept of Cellular Consciousness of Marxism philosophy , and then putted forward the concept of Cellular Consciousness by analyze and sum-up to live cellular being activities. Secondly, expatiated on the evidence of biology and idiographic effect that the Cellular Consciousness is existence, and then demonstrated syllabifies the connection between the Cellular Consciousness and the Original Cellular Consciousness.

首先对马克思主义哲学的意识概念给予重新认识，再通过对细胞在其生命时期的诸多生命活动进行归纳和总结，从而提出细胞意识的概念；又通过详细地阐述细胞意识存在于单细胞生物及多细胞生物体内的生物学依据及其所发挥的具体作用，从而清晰地论证细胞意识与原始意识之间的相互关系，以详尽地指出细胞意识存在的巨大意义。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。