概念作用的

Two new concepts of localization of test generation and aftereffect are introduced.

提出了局部测试产生和后效作用两个新概念，并基于这两个概念建立了一个基于电路结构分析的测试产生系统SABATPG。

Prototype theory is adopted in the categorization. Cognitive linguists also hold that the different senses of a polysemous lexical item are related in non-trivial ways. Spatial concepts are of great importance in human conceptual systems and in their experiencing the world. Experientialism, highlighting the vital importance of experience in the cognition of human and language, is their philosophical basis.

他们采取原型理论范畴观，认为词语的不同义项由原型意义扩展形成多义网络；空间概念在人类概念系统中和人类体验世界的过程中起着重要作用；认知语言学的哲学基础是经验主义，它强调经验在人类认知和语言的重要性。

Based on the "Structural Holes" theory and the concept of "Bridge",combined with the characteristics of the sharing, divide the "Bridge" into five types. Discuss the role of the five types in sharing; Based on the results of the UCINET analysis, express the coordination role of coordinator, and give a optimization way of the inside network; Divide the broker into two types, and make a description of the two types' function in details; Integrate the discussion of gate keeper and representative, and descript the different function of them on the same system; Descript the function of the Simmel model,and illustrate the bad effect of the model and give measures to avoid that.

在简述"结构洞"理论和"桥"的概念的基础上，结合科技资源共享的特点，把"桥"划分为5种类型；对不同类型"桥"在共享中的作用进行论述；基于UCINET分析结果说明协调者的协调作用，并提出内部人际网络优化方法；对中介者进行再次分类，并详述两种模式在科技资源共享中的功能实现；将守门人与发言人综合论述，描述在同一个体系下实现两者不同作用；对齐美尔连带的作用进行论述，对其可能产生的负面影响进行说明并给出相应的避免措施。

Later, after the completion of the modern synthesis, the term neo-Darwinism would come to be associated with its core concept of evolution being driven by natural selection acting on variation produced by genetic mutation and recombination.

后来，现代综合论完成之后，新达尔文主义观念才与现代综合论的核心概念相结合。现代综合论的核心概念是，自然选择作用于基因突变和重组所产生的变异，驱动了进化。

In order to seamlessly combine NSGA-Ⅱ and the greatly different MOPSO, the special concepts (particle and its velocity, Pbest and leader) for MOPSO were dealt with within the scope of NSGA-Ⅱ: 1 particle in MOPSO was considered to be equivalent to offspring individual in NSGA-Ⅱ; 2 the concept of velocity fell into disuse; 3 the concept of Pbest also came into disuse. Instead of that, for each dimension of a particle, the nearest one among its nondominated individuals in parent population was used; 4 the leader of a particle was the individual with largest sparse degree among parent population or selected from parent population by binary tournament selection method, which of them taking effect lies on the predefined probability. In addition, a new concept, i.

为使这两种差异较大的算法实现无缝融合，在NSGA-Ⅱ算法范围内对MOPSO中特有的概念粒子及其速度、Pbest、引导者进行处理：1粒子对应于NSCA-Ⅱ中子代群体的个体；2不再使用粒子速度概念；3不再使用粒子Pbest概念，代之以从父代群体中为每个粒子的每一维寻找一个最近的该粒子非支配个体；4每一个粒子的引导者可以是父代群体中稀疏程度最大的个体或者是按照二进制随机竞赛选择方法从父代群体中选择的一个个体，具体哪一种方式发挥作用依赖于预先设定的概率。

This project was conducted starting with the three interrelated subjects the structural characteristics of desertification landscapes in different bioclimatic zones, desertification driving factors and their function mechanism, and the dynamic model of landscape space for the occurrence and development of desertification in representative desertification regions and on the basis of in-depth studies of the relations between landscape structural characteristics and processes of desertification and their stability; the driving force of different time-space scales of desertification and their proportion, manifestation form, and action mechanism in the desertification processes; and the establishment of threshold conditions for the surface wind erosion and has achieved important progress in the definition of desertification conception

本课题从三个相互联系的专题（即不同生物气候区荒漠化景观的结构特征、荒漠化驱动因素及其作用机理、典型荒漠化地区荒漠化发生与发展的景观空间动力学模型）入手，在深入研究荒漠化景观结构特征与过程的关系及其稳定性，不同时空尺度的荒漠化过程驱动力及其在荒漠化过程中所占比重、表现形式及作用机制，地表风蚀临界条件的确定等内容的基础上，虽未建立荒漠化景观空间动力学模型，但在沙漠化概念，末次间冰期以来沙漠化过程时间序列和特征冷暖时期沙漠、沙地空间分布格局，现代沙漠化过程中自然因素和人文因素的作用、贡献率、沙漠化土地对气候的反馈作用以及风蚀临界值，沙粒跃移轨迹参数和能量分布，我国沙漠化防治思路和对策，沙尘暴区划和沙尘暴指数等方面取得了重要进展。

Following the framework proposed by Venkatraman(1989), this study identifies and tests five perspectives of fit between human capital investment and innovation strategy-fit as mediation, fit as interaction, fit as matching, fit as ideal type, fit as gestalts.

研究中参考Venkatraman(1989)之概念，将人力资本投资活动与组织策略的契合概念，区分为中介效果、交互作用、配适度、理想型近似以及完形等五种契合观点，并分别加以验证。

Empirical results show that the ultimate controlling shareholders play a vital role in explaining analysts' forecast errors. Its proxies for controlling shareholder's stock hypothecating ratio, board seats controlled by controlling shareholder, president as well as CEO controlled by controlling shareholder all reveal significant direct or potential effects on analysts' forecast errors. Whereas, the ratio of cash flow right to stock voting right has a negative impact on forecast errors.

实证结果显示，控制股东概念之治理变数却大多呈现对分析师预测误差有著直接或潜在作用，作为控制股东持股质押率代理变数之董监持股质押率，与控制股东董事会席位比率对於分析师预测误差皆具显著正向影响；当公司发生损失时，董监持股质押率、现金流量权占控股权比率与分析师预测误差呈现显著负相关，控制股东的参与管理则对於分析师预测误差则呈现显著正向作用。

Zhu Xi"s reading idea is to take its philosophic thinking as the foundation,"the principle"is the Zhu Xi's philosophic thinking core concept, Around centering on this core concept, Zhu Xi also has theories like"The nature is the principle","the oneness of literature and ideology","to investigate things and to extend knowledge to the utmost""all different doctrines stem from one"This played the basic detection role to Zhu Xi"s reading view. The author also simply introduced "The Analects of Confucius Variorums".

朱熹的阅读理念是以其哲学思想为基础的，&理&是朱熹哲学思想的核心概念，围绕着这一核心概念，朱熹又有如&性即理&、&文道合一&、&格物致知&、&理一分殊&的概念，这对朱熹的阅读观起到了基础理论定向的作用。

Top research on how self-explanation plays a role in the teaching of chemistry concept; whether self-explanation also contributes to acquiring other kinds of knowledge (knowledge on chemical element, reaction principle); whether it also has a function In other principles etc.

在本研究中由于各方面的原因，本研究还有一些问题需要在后续的研究中完成；从深层次上研究自我解释如何对化学概念的教学起作用；自我解释是否在其他知识(元素化学物知识、反应原理)中也有作用；在其他学科中是否也有作用等等。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。