概念作用的

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

Measure wotd is close.accurate.succinct and generally used. It not only concentrate foundation mathematics langrage pithy, but also deeply reveals the connotation of foundation mathematics. The subtle expression of measure woad states accurately the different meanings betWeen notions.

量词的作用在于严密、精确、简洁、通用，它不仅浓缩精炼了数学基础理论，同时深刻地揭示了数学基础理论的内涵，量词的微妙变化，准确地勾勒出概念之间的本质区别。

Since the introduction of IP concept by Mr. Murry in 1986,researchers have developed different protocols for various tissues and organs of different kinds of animals,leading to the conclusion that IP is a universal preservation method.

自从1986年Murry首次提出缺血预处理的概念以来，一些研究者用不同的预处理方法在不同种属动物的不同组织、器官上进行研究，均证实存在缺血预处理细胞保护作用的普遍性。

ABSTRACT This dissertation is devoted to studying the numerical methods for the forced Birkhoff systems with general symplectic geometric structure or Poisson bracket, including higher dimensional Birkhoff systems with multi-symplectic structure.

这篇文章着重研究一般辛结构下受到外力作用的Birkhoff系统的几何结构和几何算法，包括定义高维Birkhoff系统的概念，和研究它的多辛几何和多辛变分积分子。

From the relevant industrial cluster concept, character, and the need for government intervention start knorria from Peter and Jorg meyer Klemens put into industrial clusters Italy - and satellite-based, wheel-classification by industry sector clusters causes of their property cluster consists of a government-led, self-accumulation, Three types of embedded foreign investment; Porter new competition, in accordance with economic theory of the birth of industrial clusters, development and the impact of the decline of factors and the corresponding role of government research ideas, try to industry clusters from the perspective of evolution, dynamic view and thinking in different stages of the evolution of the changing role; and efforts to integrate national and domestic industry clusters unique environment, as well as the stage of development. provide relevant policy recommendations, the government should play a clear role.

本文从产业集群的相关概念、特性、以及政府干预的必要性着手，借鉴Peter knorria和Jorg meyer Stamer把产业集群分为意大利式、卫星式、轮轴式的分类方法，按产业集群的成因把产业集群分为政府主导、自我积累、外资嵌入3种类型；依照波特新竞争经济理论中对产业集群诞生、发展和衰亡的影响因素及相应政府作用的研究思路，尝试着从产业集群演进这个视角下，动态的看待和思考政府在不同演进阶段的角色转变问题；并努力结合国情和国内产业集群的独特环境，以及所处的发展阶段，提供相应的政策建议，明确政府应扮演的角色。

The thesis put forward some opinions for educational technology applied in secondary vocational education reform, by expounding general educational technology idea and supporting roles of secondary vocational education reform, and analysing the reason of educational technology unapplied widely to Chinese secondary vocational education , in reference of methodology and experience among the USA., Britain and Germany secondary vocational education .

本文通过对教育技术的一般概念和教育技术对中等职业教育改革的支持作用的阐述，通过对我国中等职业教育未能广泛应用教育技术的原因分析，借鉴美国、英国、德国的中等职业教育中应用教育技术的具体做法和经验，为我国中等职业教育改革中教育技术的应用提出了一些意见和思路。

According to the authors," In the short term,the competence of a corporation is determined by quality and performance of its products,but in the long run, the core competence that forges and strengthens the corporation is the decisive force".

在《哈佛商业评论》首次提出核心竞争力的概念，他们认为&就短期而言，公司产品的质量和性能决定了公司的竞争力，但长期而言，起决定作用的是造就和增强公司的核心竞争力&。

Furthermore, specific ritual foods, such as sticky rice and millet, are frequently manipulated to generate sensor y experiences and to objectify past images. In contrast to the rapid changes and constant conflict that characterize daily life, the Saisiyat dynamically re-construct social relations, transmit cultural values, and embody linkages with the past through reproducing and re-enacting food symbols in rituals.

藉由对赛夏食物的分析，本文一方面探讨食物符码，对人群关系界定和社会类别概念传递的作用；另一方面并进一步讨论赛夏人在仪式行动中，运用特殊食物衍生的具体意象和感官经验，跨越真实世界的时间流变，回溯过去并体现时间连结，形成记忆与认同建构的基础。

He has constrained our fellow citizens taken captive on the high seas to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands.

而光与电磁波在概念上的统一，不仅对物理学本身的发展，而且对近一百年来人类文明的演变，都起着至关重要的作用。

Among the institutions that generated evolutionary bottlenecks are the Islamic law of inheritance, which inhibited capital accumulation; the absence in Islamic law of the concept of a corporation and the consequent weaknesses of civil society; and the waqf, which locked vast resources into unproductive organizations for the delivery of social services.

对进化起阻碍作用的制度包括限制了资本积累的伊斯兰继承法；伊斯兰教法中公司概念的缺乏以及随之而来的市民社会的薄弱；还有穆斯林宗教与社团组织，它将大量资源限制在非生产性的组织之内来提供社会服务。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。