概念作用的

The definition of the absolute value for a fuzzy number is obtained.Furthermore,a lot ofproblems,such as absolute integrability,bounded variation and absolute continuity,arepresented and discussed.The representation theorem of the absolute values of fuzzy num-bers is established.It plays an important role in discussing the problems conceming theabsolute value.The relation between the absolute integrability and integrabili-ty is discussed,and the following result is obtained:aintegrable fuzzy-number-valued function is absolutely integrable iff it is integrable.The relation between theabsolute integrability and the absolute continuity of the primitive for fuzzy-number-valuedfunctions is dealt with.It is also pointed out that a fuzzy number valued function is ab-solutelyintegrable if and only if its integral primitive is fuzzy absolutely continuous.

提出了模糊数绝对值的概念并讨论了与绝对值相关的一系列问题，如绝对可积性、有界变差性、绝对连续性等，给出了模糊数绝对值的定义以及表示定理，该表示定理在涉及绝对值问题的讨论中起非常重要的作用；讨论了绝对可积与可积之间的关系，得到了结论：可积的模糊数值函数绝对可积的充要条件是该模糊数值函数可积；给出了模糊数值函数绝对可积与其积分原函数绝对连续性之间的关系，指出模糊数值函数绝对可积的充要条件是其原函数模糊绝对连续。

Finally, applications of the anomalous propagation of microwave in tropospheric ducts are discussed: in connection with concrete radar parameters, effects of ducts on radar range and detection performance are discussed, the results obtained are of great value for the overall design of radar systems; by use of the interference standards of ITU-R, the co-ordination area of satellite earth-station under tropospheric ducts environment is studied ; by explaining the relationship between evaporation duct and advection fog, a new way to forecast sea advection fog from evaporation duct is provided.

最后讨论了对流层大气波导环境下电波异常传播特性的应用：结合具体的雷达系统参数，模拟计算了大气波导对雷达作用距离及发现概率的影响，对雷达系统的总体设计具有重要的参考价值；对表面大气波导环境下的卫星地球站通信协调区域进行了确定，从理论上很好地给出了协调距离量级的概念，为卫星地球站与地面微波站之间的协调提供了依据和参考；分析了利用海面蒸发波导来快速预测平流海雾的新方法，完善了平流海雾的预报方法，对海上安全作业和生产具有重要的意义。

This article defined the concept of biological weapon and listed its types after consulting lots of related data; it divided the history of biological weapon into three periods; it reviewed the general condition of biological weapon research in certain countries; it analyzed why this weapon had not been deracinated after so long a period of forbiddance; it listed the harms and ethical calamities aroused by biological weapon; and it suggested what people should do to deracinate this weapon.

另外，本论文做的工作还包括：参引众多资料，对生物武器的概念和类型进行了界定和厘划；从时间维度对生物武器的历史进行了三分，从空间维度对生物武器在各国的研究情况进行了总瞰；从国际法和国家利益等方面分析了生物武器屡禁不止的根由；从自然界可持续发展、人的生命关怀、人文精神等三个方面分析了生物武器对它们的破坏和由此带来的伦理灾难；指出了政治家、科学家、军人和普通民众在制止生物武器方面应起的作用。

Authors analyse the function and deficiency of trip generation rate method,and the impact on city trip generation rate from the location difference creates the concept of city location superiority degree ,quantifying method.

从分析产生率法在城市交通需求预测中的地位、作用及缺陷出发，剖析了区位差异对城市出行产生率的影响，建立了城市区位优势度的概念、量化方法，深入分析了区位对出行生成阶段的影响误差与四阶段预测最终结果误差的关系，进而提出产生率法的区位影响修正方法，并应用于西安市高新区交通需求预测中，提高了模型的拟合效果。

In this part, to begin with, it inquires into the definition of MBO and explains the difference between the MBO and LBO. What follows is the introduction of the main characters of MBO, and the types, the sources, the functions and the history and development of MBO.

在这一部分中，首先对管理层收购的概念进行探讨，并解释了MBO和LBO的区别，然后介绍了MBO的主要特征、形式、来源、作用和MBO的历史及其在国外的发展，其中MBO在国外的发展中引用的数据是来自国外的最新数据。

The study on themechanisums has been a hotspot of biology and radiobiology.

值得关注的是，自从国外学者提出电离辐射旁效应概念以来，许多研究者证实旁效应的存在，对&照射细胞核才会引起细胞致命的损伤&&只有受照射细胞才受到损伤&等某些传统观念提出了有力的挑战，辐射诱导的基因不稳定性、细胞质受到照射所致的突变及旁效应等在辐射致癌中同样具有重要作用，并得到放射生物学界的确认。

It is observed that suportingcones for convex sets play a key role,as well as supporting hyperplanes,traditionally used in single-objective nonlinear programming,as for the specialΩ discussed just,an economic interpretation of the dual matrixis provided,which is similar to the case in the nonlinear pro-gramming,and supplies a fundamental for the application of the dualitytheory.

本文第五章首先对第一章的对偶性结果就特殊的Ω给出了相应的几何意义，与在单目标最优化中采用的支撑超平面类似地，凸集的支撑锥的概念起着关键作用。

This widely noticed increase in metacoverage could be explained by five factors derived from the theory of media politics and underpinned by the concept of media professionalism: It is the result of elite journalists' pursuit of an independent voice, of news control, of career success, of role legitimisation, supplemented by a submission to market constraints.

这metacoverage广泛注意增加，可能被解释为，从媒体的政治理论，推导出五个因素和专业媒体的概念为基础：这是'精英记者一种独立的声音追求的结果，对新闻的控制职业，成功，合法化的作用，由市场约束提交的补充。

The contorversy on the relationship between occlusion and TMD has not yet been resolved.Most so-called TMD experts de-emphasize the importance of occlusion in the aetiology of TMD, whereas a majority of practitioners still adhere to a concept focusing on occlusal factors in diagnosis and treatment of TMD.

合因素与TMD的关系的争论仍没有得到解决，大多数所谓的TMD专家不再强调咬合在TMD病因学中的作用，然而大部分的开业医生仍然坚信着咬合因素是治疗和诊断TMD的要点的基本概念。

The article altogether divides into five parts, separately expositions the circular economy basic concept, the tax policy in the development circular economy function mechanism, the overseas development circular economy tax policy aspect model and the inspiration, our country develops the circular economy taxes and fees policy analysis as well as our country develops the circular economy tax policy suggestion.

文章共分为五个部分，分别论述了循环经济的基本概念，税收政策在发展循环经济中的作用机制，国外发展循环经济的税收政策方面的借鉴与启迪，我国发展循环经济的税费政策分析以及我国发展循环经济的税收政策建议。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。