概念作用的

Using DFT combined with the orbital localized approach and Xu's covalence new concepts on a molecular fragment, it is concluded that the covalence of copper atom is 7 in 〓-type clusters and in inorganic fullerene-like molecule 〓, and there are Cu-Cu single bonds in 〓-type clusters.

应用DFT结合轨道定域化的方法和分子片共价的新概念，提出了在〓类簇合物和无机类富勒烯分子〓〓中Cu原子的共价为7，以及化合物中Cu-Cu单键的存在；解释了通常认为这类化合物中Cu-Cu之间没有成键作用而又不能回答较短的Cu-Cu键长的问题。

In this paper,We define the notions of lightcone Gauss map ,lightcone pedal curve and lightcone height function of a spacelike curve in Minkowski 4-space, and established the relationships between singularities of these objects and geometric invariants of curves under the action Lorentz group ,and as an applications of standard techniques of singularity theory classified singularities of a spacelike curve in this space .

在本文中我们定义了四维Minkowski空间内类空曲线的光锥高斯映射，光锥垂足曲线，光锥高度函数的概念，建立了这些对象的奇点与在洛仑兹群作用下曲线的几何不变量之间的关系，并且运用奇点理论的标准工具对该空间中类空曲线的奇点进行分类。

In this paper,We define the notions of lightcone Gauss maps ,Hghtcone pedal curves and lightcone height function of a spacelike curve in Minkowski 4-space, and established the relationships between singularities of these objects and geometric invariants of curves under the action Lorentz group ,and as an applications of standard techniques of singularity theory classified singularities of a spacelike curve in this space .

在本文中我们定义了四维Minkowski空间内类空曲线的光锥高斯映射，光锥垂足曲线，光锥高度函数的概念，建立了这些对象的奇点与在洛仑兹群作用下曲线的几何不变量之间的关系，并且运用奇点理论的标准工具对该空间中类空曲线的奇点进行分类。

It shows the classes and the definiens ofthe intangible assets .The appraisal methods play the role and itslocalization in appraisal works. It chiefly introduces the applicationof the present return value in evaluating the series of prescriptionsin a hospital.

在这一部分，介绍了无形资产的分类、概念，基本的评估方法及各种方法在评估无形资产中的作用和局限性；重点介绍了收益现值法在评估我省某一医院的一系列中药方中的应用，由于此系列药方应用情况不同，在评估中采用的方法也不尽相同，给评估造成一定的难度。

All these indicate that the idea of EM has been diffused broadly and recognized extensively. Whereas, from the status quo of contemporary discussions of EM in the disciplines of environmental sociology and environmental politics, the authors believe that it is necessary to study the approaches and measurements to realize EM emergently.

但从当前环境社会学界和环境政治学界对"生态现代化"讨论的现实来看，笔者认为必须加快对生态现代化的实现途径与措施的研究，否则，生态现代化概念或思想本身对促进全球和区域的可持续发展的作用是有限的。

Secondly, the combination in concept and problem teaching can enhance profound comprehension of Exclusive Events and Independent Events. Finally, because Distribution is basic knowledge in teaching probability, meanwhile, the calculation for Expected Value and Variance also are based on Distribution. Thus, Distribution is the most important in teaching them, it needs to give more emphasis.

其中计算机模拟手段在概率的频率定义教学中效果明显，并且直观模型在古典概型教学中的作用也相当明显；其次，通过概念教学与解题教学的结合可以帮助学生深刻理解互斥事件与独立事件；最后，随机变量的分布列作为概率基础知识，期望以及方差的计算都是以分布列为基础的，因而，强化分布列的教学是这部分内容的重中之重。

Finally, it proposes to create urban forests for promoting the construction of National Forest City in China, protecting and improving ecological environment of cities.

文章主要介绍了城市森林和国家森林城市的相关概念，概括了城市森林的综合效益和对城市环境的积极作用，最后提出应该以营造城市森林的方式来促进国家森林城市的建设，从而推动城市的生态环境保护和改善。

It was necessary that the frontispiece of face was pre-supported in the especial stratum. Fourthly, by the model analytic value and the FEM numerical simulation, the advance reinforcement parameters were analyzed roundly, and its results explained that the parameters had optimal values. A series of formulations conforming loads born up for pre-reinforcement structure were given, and five rules for its design and choice were put forward.

全面分析了影响工作面超前预加固参数的因素；揭示了拱部超前预加固参数与地层参数、隧道开挖与支护参数等的内在联系；论证了地层预加固参数的最佳值概念；给出了确定超前预加固结构作用荷载的半拱法、全拱法和全土柱法理论计算公式；建立了隧道工作面上覆地层稳定性判别的准则；提出了工作面地层预加固参数设计与选择的5个指导原则；最后给出了一整套确定浅埋暗挖法隧道工作面地层预加固参数的动态设计方法。

In this paper the conflicting discussion of scholastic view-point on seepage force which has lasted many years is stated. Then the physical concept of seepage force and its related forces including the resolved two components (a seepage force and a buoyant force) from seepage resultant force, the transformation between the seepage force and boundary pore water pressures, schematic diagram of forces acting on unit soil mass and the mathematic proof by Green theorem are described.

追述了多年来对渗透力学术观点的争论，并再就此问题论述了渗透力的物理概念及其与之相关的各力（包括渗流作用合力及其分解成的两个分力，渗透力与周边孔隙水压力的转换关系及各力作用在单位土体的图示；从数学上引用格林公式，证明土体表面水压力与土体本身渗透力之间的转换关系。

Han Xu 10,000 jade-like stone of the first residential property clear to reporters "investors" and "speculators" difference between the concept : strong, solid financial investors who called, any one area of need "investors" This segment of the real estate industry in Shanghai has earned a lot of money, he may also have spent a lot of money, these people have a great role to the active market, even if the property market in some volatile, partly because of the strength of people and not easily withdrawal; But another person-no funds or only minimal, but the use of the property market favorable rampant speculation,"air gunnysack back metres" Such people are called "speculators" is the first government to suppress the target.

汉宇地产的徐万珂首先向记者明确了"投资者"与"投机者"之间的概念差别：有实力的、资金雄厚的人叫投资者，任何一个领域都需要"投资者"，这部分人确实在上海的房地产业赚了不少钱，可他也投入了不少资金，这部分人对活跃市场有很大作用，就算楼市发生些许动荡，这部分人因为有实力而不会轻易撤离；但另一种人，手头没有或者只有极少资金，却利用楼市利好大肆炒作，"空麻袋背米"，这种人则叫"投机者"，是目前政府首先打压的对象。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。