概念上的

Nevertheless,due to the respect of the traditions of the West for the lin guistic norms and logical determinativeness,the word"being"has been raised to the height of the th ing -in -itself of the world and real substance and thereupon,it has got the dual meanings of"be"as a link verb and"exist"as a transitive verb,thus embodying the unity of the logos spirit and the nous spirit in the w.

西方哲学自古希腊以来的一个核心概念Being的原始含义固然是一个逻辑系词&是&，但由西方传统对语言规范及其逻辑确定性的尊重使这个词上升到了世界本体和真正实体的崇高地位，从而使它带上了系词&是&和动词&存在&的双重含义，体现了西方文化中逻各斯精神和努斯精神的统一，这是中国古代以农业为本的文化传统所难以理解的文化现象和语言现象。

This thesis investigates the profile extraction and shape optimization on the result of topology optimization of planar compliant mechanisms. The main context includes the following work:(1) summarizing and analyzing the recent research status, some harvest and unsolved problems;(2) analyzing the conceptual design of planar path-generating compliant mechanisms and its mathematical model and tools;(3) Modifying the method of density contour as the method of profile extraction, and developing a method to optimize the density function in the profile extraction according to the requirement of the design of compliant mechanism;(4) developing a method to abstract the compliant mechanism into a form of links and joints by using the principle of connectivity on topology;(5) developing a method of shape optimization of planar path-generating compliant mechanisms, by representing the profile of the abstracted compliant mechanism as simple curves such as straight lines and arcs, establishing the models of the size optimization of the parameters of these curves, so that the compliant mechanism has a machinable shape;(6) At last, proving the feasibleness and effectiveness of the design method by making simulation design and validating it in FEA software.

主要工作包括：(1)分析了柔顺机构拓扑优化和形状优化的研究现状，分析了目前柔顺机构的研究重点、主要成果和尚未解决的问题；(2)分析了基于SIMP的柔顺机构概念设计方法及其相关工具和模型；(3)针对柔顺机构轮廓提取的特殊要求，提出了密度等值线法的改进方案，对密度函数插值点密度值进行优化，提出优化模型和选择优化算法；(4)根据轨迹输出平面全柔顺机构自身的形状特点，提出了轨迹输出平面全柔顺机构的抽象方法，即应用拓扑学上的连通性原理将柔顺机构抽象成杆件和结点形式，并对相应的数学原理进行了证明；(5)提出了平面全柔顺机构的形状还原和尺寸优化方法，对抽象的柔顺机构进行还原，将其轮廓还原成简单曲线的连接，从而建立尺寸优化模型，对机构进行尺寸优化设计，在得到可加工的机构轮廓的同时又能对关键部位进行特别处理；(6)进行了柔顺机构的数值仿真设计，并将所得设计结果导入商用有限元软件中进行仿真实验，证明了设计方法的可行性和有效性。

In view of the fact that the domestic research on Kripke"s proposal is insufficiently developed, the aim of this paper is to grasp the implication of the concepts of "Truth-value Gaps","Groundedness","Fixed Point" by detailed analysis and to explain the technical processing and intuitional rationality in the hope of understanding Kripke"s viewpoint better.

鉴于目前国内对克里普克的这一方案的研究还不够深入，本文力图通过细致的分析，把握真值间隙，有根性，固定点这三个核心概念的涵义，在说明其哲学上的合理性同时，对其技术性的处理作出详细的说明，以期更好地理解克里普克的观点。

Lévi-Strauss distinguishes the activity of the bricoleur from those of the modern scientist, the engineer, and the artist; however, it is this description of an improvisatory activity performed by a kind of intellectual jack-of-all-trades with whatever happens to be available that has caught the imagination of many contemporary theorists, who view the practice of theory as itself a form of bricolage performed with concepts and ideas retrieved from the grand theories of the past.

列维-斯特劳斯对拼合爱好者的活动与现代科学家、工程师和艺术家的活动作了区分。那些智力上的万事通利用手头任何现成的东西临时进行拼凑组合。然而，正是对拼合的这种描述激起了许多当代理论家的想象力。他们把理论实践活动本身就视为某种形式的拼合，使用的是从过去宏大理论中得到的概念和思想。

The thesis is composed of preface, straight matter and conclusion. The straight matter includes 5 parts. Part 1 mainly defines the concept, characters, and patterns of parallel import of trademark goods. Part 2 sets forth the causes and influences of parallel import of trademark goods in deep-seated angle. Part 3 undertakes nomological analysis to parallel import of trademark goods. Part 4 inspects the attitude view of international treaty, America, the Europe Union and Japan over the parallel import of the trademark goods. Part 5 firstly reviews the present PRC laws of parallel import of trademark goods, and puts forward legal suggestions on problems arising from the parallel import of trademark goods.

本文首先对商标产品平行进口的概念、特征及典型形式进行界定，为后面论述的展开提供了一个广阔的平台；其次，从比较深层的角度论述了商标产品平行进口的成因及影响；接着，对商标产品的平行进口进行了法理分析，探讨了解决商标产品平行进口的传统理论，并提出了新的解决商标产品平行进口的理论基础：商标功能和竞争政策；然后，考察了国际公约、美国、欧盟和日本在商标产品平行进口问题上的相关立法和司法判例；最后，回顾了商标产品平行进口在我国的法律现状，并对我国今后应该如何应对商标产品平行进口问题提出了规制原则和立法建议。

On the ecosystem health, definitions from utilization and ecosystem views are introduced, the contents and difficulties in assessing it are discussed. On the biodiversity enhancement, the relationship between forest structural complexity and forest biodiversity are discussed, the significance of old growth structure are highlighted, and measures of changing forest structure to promote forest biodiversity are put forward. On the landscape planning in forest management, some patterns, theoretical foundations and models are introduced, especially three conceptual models, i.e., key habitat\|corridors model, nature landscape model, and supportive features model. On the alternative silvicultural systems, reasons for developing alternative silvicultural system by mimic of nature disturbance are discussed, and some advanced techniques and their ecological basis are noted. Finally, on the ecosystem service, its contents and importance of assessment are illustrated.

关于森林生态系统健康，讨论了不同角度对生态系统健康的定义和不同层次上的生态系统健康的内容及评价生态系统健康的困难所在；②关于森林生物多样性，探讨了森林结构复杂性与生物多样性的关系，老龄林结构对森林生态系统的意义和作用，以及如何通过经营调整结构促进生物多样性；③关于森林经营的景观规划，描述了进行景观规划的途径、理论和模型，并对三种概念模型进行了介绍；④关于森林经营的替代技术体系，介绍了模拟自然干扰设计替代技术体系的原理，分析了替代经营技术体系产生的原因和有关最新技术研究进展；⑤关于森林生态系统服务，讨论了生态系统服务的基本内容和评价在森林生态系统管理中的重要意义。

Based on the study, the paper discloses the nature and the characteristics of pragmatic meaning from the perspective of the definition of pragmatic meaning.( The pragmatic meaning of word refers to the temperative meaning of word which is given in application according to the conceptual meaning of a word, the purpose of users and the context it occurs.) Firstly, the pragmatic meaning is based on its static meaning and the premise of its existing is context in which it appears.

由此，从语用词义(词的语用意义是指在语言运用过程中，人们在词语概念意义的基础上，在一定的语用目的支配下，以语境作为参照而赋予词语的临时意义)的界定入手来揭示语用词义在具体交际中的性质及实际特征：一、语用词义存在的基础是词的静态意义，存在的条件是具体的语境。

Within the complicated environment of contemporary society (or pre-modern, modern, postmodern in China), a "split" man (obviously with partly "split personality" and partly "split mentality"), or in my words, a "split city man", if Marcuse built up his theory of "one-dimensional man" in terms of social stratification, would become an offspring generated in the contemporary social environment with "its" reference to "everyone affected by modernization"(city man, country man unassimilated or assimilating in city and the "minority" being encroached by city culture).

当代社会（中国的前现代、现代、后现代）的复杂社会局面中，&分裂&的人，(当然，这种&分裂&一部分是&人格分裂&，另一部分是&精神分裂&。)如果说马尔库塞的&单向度&的人的提出是建立在一种社会阶层化概念上来说的，那我这里所言的&都市分裂人&则是在一个时下的当代社会背景下提出来的一种社会产物，而且&它&的指涉性指向&受现代化干扰的所有人&。（都市人、未完成都市化或正在都市化的乡村人及受到都市文化侵入的那些&少数人&。

Almost everyone notes that there is no "time" in Las Vegas, no night and no day and no past and no future (no Las Vegas casino, however, has taken the obliteration of the ordinary time sense quite so far as Harold's Club in Reno, which for a while issued, at odd intervals in the day and night, mimeographed "bulletins" carrying news from the world outside); neither is there any logical sense of where one is.

几乎每一个来拉斯维加斯的人都注意到这里没有&时间&的概念，没有黑夜也没有白昼，没有过去也没有未来（然而拉斯维加斯的赌场里这种对于寻常时间观念的丢失没有影响到里诺的哈罗德俱乐部，那里每天早晨有那么一会儿，会发行油印的，承载着世界各地新闻的&公告&）；人们对于自己身处何方也没有任何逻辑上的认识。

In the great chain of being and reconstructed as the product of reason and will reified the popular sovereign.The nation under law rests on a thoroughly politicized and historicized concept of community and self.There is,as yet,no global sovereign of which we can imagine the self to be a part.Internetional law is a collection of norms that represent nothing beyond themselves.No one sacrifices the self for a world sovereign that realizes itself in a global rule of law.

在这个伟大的链和改建为产品的原因，reified流行的主权这个国家在法律上的概念，historicized彻底政治化社区和自我还有，迄今为止，没有全局主，我们可以想象自己是一个部分法律是一种集的面积代表不规范的超越自己的没有人牺牲自己的世界，实现自身的主权全球法治的。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。