椎关节

The stability of L5S1 ALIF specimen in extension is less than that of intact specimen, and ALIF combined with translaminar facets screw is the most ideal internal fixation to enhance its biomechanical stability of ALIF specimen.

结论］ L5S1单纯行ALIF后伸稳定性差，为增加其稳定性，经椎板关节突螺钉应当是首选的内固定器械。

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The benefits of interbody support in promoting postoperative stability and arthrodesis are well established.

研究背景概述：椎间支撑和关节融合的优点在于有效改善脊柱术后稳定性。

A combination of Gallie or Brooks techniques and 2 posterior transarticular screws has been shown to be effective for atlantoaxial arthrodesis.

背景概要：Gallie 或Brooks技术和两后路关节螺钉结合已被证明是有效的寰枢椎固定方案。

This procedure had to be combined with C1 sublaminar wiring to maximize arthrodesis.

手术过程必须联合C1椎板下钢丝进行最大限度的关节固定。

The data supporting surgery for facet arthropathy are weak, and the use of screening blocks does not appear to improve outcomes.

支持椎间关节病手术的资料很少，而且应用筛选性阻滞也不可能预测结果。

X ray examination showed screws in vertebral articular process and occipital condyle were normotopic without laxation and fragmentation. The bone grafting transformed into osseous fusion after 3 months.

术后临床症状均得到较好改善，X线片复查提示椎体侧块关节突和枕骨髁部螺钉位置良好，无松动或断钉现象，植骨3个月均达到骨性融合。

On the radiographs above in the ventral-dorsal view, the arrows outline the luxation sides on the sacroiliac joints and fracture on the second coccygeal vertebrae.

上图之手术前 X 光是骨盆部位之腹背照和侧照，从腹背照中可看到明显的双侧性肠荐关节脱位和第二尾椎骨折。

In addition to supplying two facet joints, the medial branch also innervates the multifidus,inter spinales muscle and ligament, and the periosteum of the neural arch.

除了支配两个小关节，内侧支还支配多裂肌，竖脊肌及韧带，骨膜及椎弓。

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of drug injection on synovium of lumbar zygapophyseal joints and muscular attachment point of neural scute in 1 236 patients with discogenic low back pain.

目的：分析经腰椎关节突滑膜和椎板肌肉附着点给药治疗椎间盘突出性腰腿痛1 236例治疗效果。

Dynamic imaging of these fractures has demonstrated significant mobility at the fracture site and emphasized their abundance in the thoracolumbar junction, which is subjected to high stresses.3,4,19,22 Analysis of the serous fluid in the cavity showed a consistency similar to synovial fluid.20,21 Other researchers also reported a serous/serosanguineous fluid consistency similar to plasma.16,30 Biopsies of the cavity lining demonstrated fibrocartilage within a fibrous stroma, representing a pseudosynovium of a nonunion.20,21 Stallenberg et al,32 prompted by the reports of gas in vertebral pseudarthrosis, reported the presence of air in pseudarthroses of various bones in the appendicular skeleton in a rate of 70%, detected with computed tomography-scanning through the site of nonunion.32

这些骨折患者的动态影像显示在在骨折部位有明显的活动度，胸腰段承受高应力尤为明显[3，4，19，22]。对腔内的浆液分析显示类似滑膜液[20，21]，其他研究人员还报告说浆液/血清样的液体与血浆类似[16，30]。椎体内气体现象中假关节的出现促使Stallenberg等[32]对不愈合四肢骨进行CT扫描，发现有70％的有气体存在。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。