椎关节

This is the first study to our knowledge to use standardized outcome measures to assess clinical outcome in patients treated with posterior fusion for pseudarthrosis after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.

据我们所知，这是首次使用标准结果评估后路融合治疗前路椎体切除和融合术后有症状的假关节患者的临床结果。

This is the first study to our knowledge to use standardized outcome measures to assess clinical outcome in patients treated with posterior fusion for pseudarthrosis after anterior cerical discectomy and fusion.

据我们所知，这是首次使用标准结果评估后路融合治疗前路椎体切除和融合术后有症状的假关节患者的临床结果。

The following complications were encountered in 5 patients: 2 with transient neurology that spontaneously improed without a sequel within 6 months, 2 with compression fractures at proximal adjacent ertebra, and 1 with pseudarthrosis.

并发症在5例患者出现：2例短暂性的神经症状，自然恢复在随后的6个月内。2例近端椎体出现压缩性骨折。1例出现假关节。

After operation, spinal fusion was achieved in 10 cases within 5 months to 7 months, 6 months on average, and pseudoarthrosis in 1 case was found by the CT examination.

术后12 个月X 线片检查示融合节段有连续骨小梁形成并通过椎间隙10 例，1 例术后CT 扫描证实前方有假关节形成。

BACKGROUND: Metal vertebral fusion cage can induce some disadvantages and pseudoarticulation formation such as stress dodge, fusion cage subsidence, bone resorption, prolapse and bone collapse.

摘要背景：金属椎间融合器存在应力遮挡、融合器下沉、骨吸收、脱出、骨塌陷所带来的并发症和假关节形成等，影响融合效果。

The needle reaches the disk via a medial border of the articular processes approach or posterolateral approach.During the former approach,2 ml air was injected to save space for needle trajectory when the needle tip was positioned out of the theca medulla spinalis in the vertebral canal.

采用小关节内缘进路或安全三角入路，前者确定针尖位于椎管内硬膜囊外后，推注2 ml空气推移同侧硬脊膜囊，为针道留出空隙。

But they are not effectie against translatory or rotatory forces, and a high failure rate has followed.12–14 In order to increase the stability, Magerl and Seeman added transarticular C1–C2 screws, which hae mechanical adantage and lead to a higher fusion rate (range,87%–98%).15–19 We found that all the reports in the recent English literature were screws combined with wires or clamps.

这些方法不能提供对抗横移和旋转力两，有报道的较高失败率12-14。为了提高稳定性，Magerl和Seeman在增加了经关节C1-C2螺钉，该螺钉具有力学优势并能提高融合率（范围在87%~97%）。15~19 我们发现进来的英文文献都是使用的线或椎板钳和螺钉结合的技术。

Results: The posterior margin separation of centrums was more obvious than anterior margin separation in cases with traction from anteflection position of 10 degrees, while the most increases of intervertebral space occurred in cases with traction from neutral position.

颈椎牵引在中立位时对椎间盘的轴向作用最大，前屈位时受力集中在椎体后缘，后伸位转移到后侧小关节。

M were applied to produce six kinds of pure moment of force and to create six kinds of movement of the lumbar spine in flexion, extension, left and right lateral bendings as well as left and right axial rotations.

在双侧小关节分级切除状态下，后路螺纹椎间融合器均能显著降低L4-L5节段的前屈、左右侧弯运动范围，但后伸、左右轴向旋转运动只能恢复到完整状态水平。

There is great suitability of C(subscript 2/3) transarticular screw fixation, and it could be used as an alternative screw anchor point for posterior cervical instrumentation.

经C(下标 2/3)侧块关节进行螺钉固定在解剖学上是可行的，可以作为枢椎后路螺钉固定的补充方法。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。