椎关节

The directions of insertion on the articular process in the sagittal plane and horizontal plane were determined according to the relationship between the spinous process of vertebra and vertebral body in the X-ray film.

根据脊椎的棘突与椎体在X线片上的关系，在术中确定Dick钉在关节突处进针点上的矢状面和水平面上的进针方向，未用X线机辅助。

The stability provided by 3 occipitoatlantal fixation techniques (occiput –C1 transarticular screws, occipital keel screws rigidly interconnected with C-1 lateral mass screws, and suboccipital/sublaminar wired contoured rod) were compared.

对象对3种寰枕固定技术（经寰枕关节螺丝固定，枕骨螺钉坚强联接C 1侧块螺钉的固定，枕骨下/椎板下钢丝将轮廓棒固定）所提供的稳定性进行比较。

Cause a section of neuropathy of the waist to become besides traumatism, it is mostly the internal taking the place of the tasting change , such as the waist intervertebral disc is prominent, articular process, centrum proliferation, ligament plump and so on .

引起腰段神经病变除了外伤之外，更多的是体内的代尝性变化，如腰椎间盘突出，关节突、椎体的增生，韧带的肥厚等。

These may include abnormalities of the ligaments of the apophyseal joints, muscles and fascia, as well as neural structures.

任何产生痛的结构都可以引起腰痛，这些异常包括椎间关节韧带、肌肉、筋膜和神经结构。

ConclusionTo begin with, the blood supply is adequate in the intertransverse area, and the distribution of blood vessels follows some regularities, so to be familiar with the anatomy and to operate carefully can reduce bleeding.

结论横突间及小关节区域血管丰富，走行具有一定规律，熟悉此区域解剖结构并注意操作可减少术中出血；L3、4、L4、5节段行横突间入路腰椎椎体间融合术具有一定可行性。

A combination of the pseudarthrosis and osteonecrosis theories may best explain the intravertebral vacuum phenomenon.

假关节和骨缺血坏死的理论相结合可能最好地解释椎体内真空现象。

Hasegawa et al,20,21 observing significant motion at the fracture site intraoperatively, argued that intravertebral vacuum is associated with vertebral pseudarthrosis.

Hasegawa等[20，21]在术中观察到骨折部位有明显的活动性，认为是椎体内真空现象与假关节有关。

Capsular irritation may also result in reflex spasm of the erector spinae, multifidus,and other paraspinal muscles.72,76,77

关节囊收到刺激也可以导致反应性竖脊肌，多裂肌和其他椎旁肌的痉挛。

"Tuina Manipulation combined with Exercise Therapy" treating the lumbar disc herniation cases has a significant long residual effect. Analying the anatomy, physiological characteristics, mechanics analysis of the waist and LDH's modern research, its mechanism may adjust to lumbar compliance; ease cramps; change the relative positions of disc and nerve roots, reduce or lift the oppression; correct facet dislocation; release adhesions, improve circulation and promote absorption and repair of the inflammation and edema; analgesic pain threshold or enhance the organization; improve the waist myodynamia; reconstruct the balance of the waist and so on.

结合腰部椎体、肌肉及韧带等组织的解剖、生理特点、力学分析和腰椎间盘突出症的现代研究分析，其机制可能是调整腰椎顺应性，缓解痉挛；改变突出髓核与神经根的相对位置，减轻或解除压迫；纠正小关节错位及滑膜崁顿；松解粘连，改善循环，促进炎症、水肿的吸收和损伤修复；镇痛与提高组织痛阈；改善腰部肌力；促进人体生物力学结构重构；恢复腰椎及其周围力学平衡等几个方面。

All grafts showed good contact to the adjoining vertebrae with no case of a pseudarthrosis.

所有的移植骨与临近椎体连接良好，没有一例假关节出现。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷