植物营养体

During the process of long-time adaptive evolution, wetland plants adopted a series of special strategies to acclimate to salt stress. The main strategies are: 1 life history adjustment, e. g., to adjust seed germination time, implement seed dormancy and viviparity, and change reproductive manner to escape from direct salt stress, 2 morphological adjustment, e. g., to adjust biomass allocation pattern, age stem, defoliate, and carnify vegetative organs to isolate the redundant Na(superscript +) to the inactive-metabolism shoots or exclude the Na(superscript +)from tissues; 3 anatomic adjustment, e. g., to sink stoma, develop aerenchyma, and thicken cuticle and phellogen to maintain normal photosynthesis and respiration; 4 physiological and biochemical adjustment, e. g., to exclude and excrete salt, compartmentalize ions, adjust osmosis, do selective absorption, regulate hormones, and induce antioxidative enzymes to maintain the osmotic equilibrium and eliminate the active oxygen in cell; and 5 molecular level adjustment, e. g., to start up many salt-induced genes to regulate the metabolic responses to salt stress.

在长期的适应进化过程中，湿地植物形成了多种适应盐胁迫的策略，主要有：1生活史方面，植物可通过种子萌发时间的调整、种子体眠、胎生、繁殖方式的改变等逃避盐度的直接伤害；2形态学方面，植物可通过生物量分配模式的调整、茎的老化、落叶及营养器官的肉质化等将多余的Na隔离到代谢不活跃的茎中或将其排出体外；3解剖学方面，植物可通过气孔下陷、发达的通气组织、增加细胞木栓层、角质层及栅栏组织的厚度等以维持植物正常的光合作用和呼吸作用；4生理生化方面，植物可通过离子区隔化、拒盐、泌盐、选择性吸收、渗透调节、激素调节及抗氧化物酶的诱导等来维持细胞内正常的渗透压，清除胞内活性氧分子；5分子水平方面，植物可通过多种与盐胁迫相关的基因来调控细胞内的多种代谢反应。

Can undertake nutrition of light energy inorganic is divided inside the cell of general alga contain and the light with advanced same plant adds up to green outside pigment, some kinds group still have in all special pigment and also do not show green more, so their plastid calls chromatophore especially or hold lubricious put oneself in another's position.

能进行光能无机营养一般藻类的细胞内除含有和绿色高等植物相同的光合色素外，有些类群还具有共非凡的色素而且也多不呈绿色，所以它们的质体特称为色素体或载色体。藻类的营养方式也是多种多样的。例如有些低等的单细胞藻类，在一定的条件下也能进行有机光能营养。

Nov.. The main symptoms of the bacterial disease on Vigna angularis were canker of stalk.The strains were straight or curved rods; polar flagellum one; Gram-negative; could infect Vigna angularis、 Glycine max、 Vigna radata、 Vigna umbellate、 Phaseolus vulgaris、 Pisum sativum、 Pisum sativum var.humlie; oxidase negative; nitrate reduction negative; 5% glucose agar mucilage positive; esculin hydrolysis positive; starch negative; milk hydrolysis positive; H_2S positive; acid from L-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose, cellobiose, trehalose and fructose; 5%NaCl positive; G+Cmol%-69%.

红小豆溃疡病主要症状为茎部溃疡；各菌株菌体均杆状；极生鞭毛1根；革兰氏染色阴性；人工接种能侵染多种豆科植物；好氧；氧化酶阴性；硝酸盐反应阴性；5％葡萄糖营养琼脂黏液生长阳性；七叶灵水解阳性；淀粉水解阴性；牛奶分解产碱；产生硫化氢；能从阿拉伯糖等产酸；最大耐盐量为5％；G+Cmol％为69％等特征，根据《手册》9th ed相关部分，确定该病由野油菜黄单胞菌苜蓿致病变种Xanthomonas campestris pv.alfalfae(Riker，Jones et Davis 1935)Dye 19781引起。

They are not only involved in the process of fungal development and differentiation, such as supplying nutrition, for the growth of mycelium, attaching themselves to the morphosis and alteration of the cell wall of hyphae, as well as taking part in autolysis of filamentous fungi, but also show an important role in the process of pathogenesis including touching and cling on to the cell wall o.

1，3-葡聚糖酶(β-1，3-glucanase)是一类能够水解β-1，3-葡萄糖苷键的酶，普遍存在于多种真菌中，它们不仅在真菌生长发育起重要作用，如为菌丝体生长提供营养、参与菌丝体细胞壁的形态建成和构象的改变、参与菌丝体自溶等，而且在病原菌入侵寄主植物与致病的过程中扮演着重要角色，如：参与接触和吸附寄主细胞壁；破坏包围病原菌入侵结构的乳突。

So far, almost all of vegetative and reproductive organs have been regenerated in vitro, which might be helpful to further understand the molecular mechanism of plant organogenesis.

迄今为止，包括营养器官和生殖器官在内的几乎所有的器官都可以在离体条件下得到再生，为深入研究植物离体器官发生的分子机理奠定了基础。

In the Filicinophyta, Sphenophyta, and Lyophyta the embryo sporophyte produces a footlike structure that remains embedded in the tissues of the parent gametophyte plant, absorbing nutrients like the suspensor of higher plants.

在真蕨门 filicinophyta ，楔叶门 sphenophyta，和石松门 lycophyta 中，胚胎孢子体产生足状结构，仍然包裹于双亲配子体植物内。胚胎吸收营养的方式同高等植物从胚柄那样吸收营养一样。

Mycorrhiza is a mutualistic symbiosis between plants and fungi, and ectomycorrhiza is an important type of mycorrhiza.

菌根是一种植物营养根与土壤真菌形成的共生体，在自然界中分布广泛。

Mycorrhiza is a mutualistic symbiosis between plants and fungi, and ectomycorrhiza is an important type of mycorrhiza.

菌根是一种植物营养根与土壤真菌形成的共生体，在自然界中分布广泛。外生菌根真菌是菌根真菌的重要类群，其宿主植物约占陆地植物总数的3%左右。

The rDNA ITSregion of eucaryotes and prokaryotes were analysed,which was divided into two regions by 5.8 S rDNA,namely ITS1 region and ITS2 region,and amplification universal primers and specific primers of fungus were cited in this paper.

植物病原真菌的分类鉴定主要依据其营养体和子实体的形态特征，由于形态特征容易受到培养条件和其他因素的影响，而且许多子实体类型经常难以获得，故给鉴定工作带来困难。

Vegetative agriculture is one of agricultural production systems with the main aim of harvesting vegetative organs or tissues of plant such as herbages of forage crops, green fodders, vegetables and ornamental plants.

发展营养体农业可以发挥植物生长的各方面优势，充分利用植物的逻辑斯蒂生长规律，对光照强度的要求不高，对气候和土地资源的时间匹配性要求不严，能够减少漏光现象，提高光能利用率，容易避开主要病虫的危害，其生物量和经济产量较高，营养价值好，生产潜力大。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。