植物流行病学

The journal publishes original scientific articles, reviews and short communications dealing with all aspects on production and health in plants and animals, as well as rural development, such as genetics, breeding, organic, biological agriculture and sustainable production systems, apiculture, aquaculture, forages and pastures, plant and animal diseases, pests and weeds, epizootiology, immunology, parasitology, physiology, reproduction, management and food technology, natural and genetic resources, agricultural economics, rural engineering and mechanization, soils, fertilization, irrigation and watering, etc.

杂志刊载原始科学文章，评论和短通讯，内容涉及植物和动物生产和健康，以及农村发展的所有方面，例如遗传学，育种，有机农业，生物学农业和可持续生产系统，养蜂，水产业，草料和牧场，植物和动物疾病，害虫和杂草，动物流行病学，免疫学，寄生虫学，生理学，繁殖，管理和食品技术，自然和遗传资源，农业经济，农村工程和机械化，土壤，施肥，灌溉和浇水等。

Subject areas include analytical and theoretical plant pathology, bacteriology, biological control, disease control and pest management, ecology, epidemiology, etiology, genetics, mycology, nematology and virology etc.

该杂志是一本关于植物疾病、导致疾病的物质、疾病传播、疾病造成的损失以及控制方法的国际首要基础研究期刊，学科领域涉及植物分析与理论病理学、细菌学、生物控制、疾病控制与害虫管理、生态学、流行病学、病因学、遗传学、真菌学、线虫学以及病毒学等。

The Council supervises the work of subject matter standing committees including: bacteriology; biochemistry, physiology, and molecular biology; biological control; chemical control; diagnosticians; diseases of ornamental plants and turf grasses, environmental quality and plant health; epidemiology; exobiology and space phytopathology; forest pathology; genetics; integrated pest management; mycology; mycorrhizae; nematology; plant disease detection; plant disease losses; postharvest pathology and mycotoxicology; seed pathology; soil microbiology and root diseases; tropical plant pathology and virology.

该协会主要研究范围涉及细菌学、生物化学、生理学、分子生物学、生物控制学；化学控制学；诊断学；观赏植物和草皮病理、环境质量与植物健康；流行病学；外空生物学和空间植物病理学；森林病理学；遗传学；病虫害综合管理；真菌学；线虫学；植物疾病诊断；植物病害损失；收割期后的植物病理学和真菌毒理学；种子病理学；土壤微生物学和植物根病理；热带植物病理学与滤过性微生物学等。

So people attach great importance to the damage by its toxicity. The main target organ of manganese is nervous system. At the early stage, its major symptoms are neurasthenic syndrome and autonomic nerve functional disorder, and then the apparent damage to extracorticospinal tract nerves, similar to that of a Parkinson's disease.

锰的主要毒作用器官是神经系统，早期以神经衰弱综合征和植物神经功能紊乱为主，继而可出现明显的锥体外系神经受损症状，与帕金森病(Parkinson's disease，PD)症状类似，流行病学研究认为锰是PD发病的环境危险因素之一。

The journal, launched in 1995, publishes articles covering from the systematics and morphology of venomous animals to the biochemistry, pharmacology and immunology of venoms; epidemiology of envenoming by different animals, insects, algae, bacteria, fungi, and plant products; molecular biology of venoms; physiology of venom actions; treatment of their effects; preparation and evaluation of vaccines, and tropical diseases so on.

杂志于1995年发行，刊载论文，内容涉及从具毒腺动物的系统分类学和形态学到毒汁的生物化学，药物学和免疫学；不同动物，昆虫，藻类，细菌，真菌和植物产品毒害的流行病学；毒液的分子生物学；毒液作用的生理学；它们作用的治疗；疫苗的制备和评价，以及热带疾病等。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。