植物学

Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091

云南大学生态学与地植物学研究所，云南昆明 650091

The term 'vegetation type'designates the principalunit of major rank in Russian geobotany.

在苏联地球植物学中，"植被型"一词是指主要高级单位。

From the point of view of geobotany, with the method of correlative factors of growth of plants, a countrywide theoretic ecological division was done for the introduction of Camptotheca acuminata and three kinds of areas of ecological preferent zone, ecological adaptive zone and ecological unadaptable zone were divided. With the theory of synecology, the characteristic on environment, constitution, life form spectrum, diversity, similarity of plots of communities were researched. Applying the method of species association, discrete distribution, indensity index, fractal geometry, etc. to research relations between the species of the communities, space distribution of Camptotheca acuminata, structure of age of Camptotheca acuminata, in different communities. Using the theories of autoecology, distibutons of seeds on land and growth of seedlings in vertical and horizontal directions, biomass of organ of Camptotheca acuminata were analyzed. On the opinions of conservation biology, the external and internal factors impressing Camptotheca acuminata were analyzed to research the mechanism of the endangered species, and with using of CTM Model, the future development direction of Camptotheca acuminata in different communities were forecasted, and. Standing on the position of resources ecology, discussing the regularity of camptothein in Camptotheca acuminata of different sites and seeding of different resources, also the the derive technics of camptothecin.

本文从地植物学的角度，运用植物生长相关因子法，对我国喜树资源的生态适宜区进行了划分，理论上确定了我国的喜树的引种栽培的最适生活区域、生态适宜区域和不适宜生活区域；从群落生态学的角度，对野生喜树所在的典型群落的群落环境、群落组成、群落生活型谱、群落的物种多样性特点、群落样地间相似性进行了研究；从种群生态学的角度，运用种间联结性、离散分布模型、聚集强度指数、分析几何等分析手段，对野生喜树所在典型群落间的种间关系、喜树的空间分布格局、年龄结构等进行了分析；从个体生态学的角度，对不同年龄组的喜树的种子的散落的垂直分布、水平分布、时间分布及种子发芽率和千里重等特点、不同种源的人工喜树苗期特点、喜树的高生长和茎生长特点、喜树的器官生物量特点进行了研究；从保护生物学的角度，对野生喜树的濒危的内部因素和外部因素进行了探讨，并运用CTM模型对不同群落中野生喜树的种群趋势进行了预测；从资源生态学的角度，对我国地理环境下喜树中喜树碱含量的地理分布规律、不同种源的喜树幼苗中喜树碱含量变化规律进行了研究，并对喜树碱的提取工艺进行了探讨。

In those days botany was virtually synonymous with herbalism.

那时候植物学和本草学实际上是同义的。

The herbarium and the associated paleobotanical collection have combined holdings of approximately 1/2 million specimens.

该馆及与它相关的古植物学收藏物共有大约50万号标本。

The museum's research and collections activities are carried out by its scientific divisions. Some divisions have web sites, and click on the name of the division to go to the web site, such as botany, community ecology, entomology, Herpetology, Ichthyology, Histology Lab etc.

它的研究和收集活动都是由它的各个科学部门完成的，一些部门有自己的网站，可以通过点击它们的名字到达相应的网站，例如：植物学、群落生态学、昆虫学、两栖爬行类学、鱼类学、组织学实验室等。

On the site, contents related to biology are: botany, invertebrates, herpetology, ichthyology, ornithology, mammalogy, palynology, and so on.

在该网站，与生物学有关的内容有：植物学、无脊椎动物、爬虫学、鱼类学、鸟类学、哺乳动物学、孢粉学，等等。

In its searchable multidiscipline resources, information of Botany, Herpetology, Invertebrates, Entomology, Ichthyology, Mammalogy, Mycology and Microbiology, Ornithology are included.

它的可查询的、多学科的资源包括植物学、爬虫学、无脊椎动物学、昆虫学、鱼类学、哺乳动物学、真菌学、微生物学和鸟类学信息等。

Recent graduate students have won prizes for best papers at national meetings in fields such as botany, ecology, entomology, evolution, herpetology, ichthyology, marine biology, parasitology and plant systematics.

近年来该系学生的论文多次在全国性专业会议上获奖，研究领域涉及植物学、生态学、昆虫学、进化、爬虫学、鱼类学、海洋生物学、寄生虫学和系统分类学。

Botany, Entomology Herpetology, mammalogy, and ornithology.

收藏植物学、昆虫学、爬虫学、哺乳动物学和鸟类学。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。