森林的

The Farming-pastoral Zone in North China was separated into 8 Eco-regions according to the known Eco-region. The dissertation analyzed the regional differences of land use changes from three aspects on dynamic degree , land use degree and the change direction (1)On land use dynamic degree, the dynamic degree of the cropland was the highest in North warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest and the lowest in temperate forest steppe; forest land's was the highest in alpine meadow and the lowest in warm temperate forest steppe; grassland's was the highest in temperate forest steppe-bunchgrass steppe and the lowest in alpine meadow; other land's was the highest in North warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest－the Huang-Huai-hai plain and the lowest in warm temperate bunchgrass steppe.

结合已有的自然生态区的划分，将我国北方农牧交错带划分为8 个自然生态区，选取土地利用动态度、土地利用程度以及土地利用变化方向等3 个方面的指标对研究区进行了区域分异规律的研究，结果如下：（1）耕地动态度北暖温带落叶阔叶林生态区——北部山地丘陵区最大，温带森林草原生态区最小；林地的动态度高寒草甸生态区最大，暖温带森林草原丛生禾草草原生态区——东南森林草原区最小；草地动态度温带森林草原——丛生禾草草原生态区最大，高寒草甸生态区最小；其他用地的动态度北暖温带落叶阔叶林生态区——黄淮海平原区最大，暖温带森林草原丛生禾草草原生态区—西北丛生禾草草原区最小。

The theory of "harmonious forest farm" reckons that:①State-owned forest farm is an exoteric complex-system, which is the coupling of forest ecosystem, forestry economic system, and social system in forest farm;②Harmonious forest farm is the farm constructed under the background of socialist market economy and building a moderately prosperous society;③The features of "harmonious forest farm" are the development of production, the prosperity of life and good ecological environment;This farm is a modern state-owned forest farm, the symbols of which are the high value of itself, the good benefits of wokers and the abundance of forest resources;④The key of it is the harmony of farm and society, farm and environment as well as farmitself——that is to say,"harmonious forest farm" should aim to meet the needs of the country and thesociety; forest management should put maintaining and enhancing biodiversity, forest ecosystem health and integrity to the center; inside the forest farm, there should form the mechanism of balancing interests and learning mechanism for sharing at the core of the executive feedback mechanism of forest management, advancing the workers to form a comradely mutual aid relationship.

其要点是：①国有林场是开放的复杂系统，它由森林生态系统、林业经济系统、林场社会系统耦合而成；②和谐林场是在社会主义市场经济和全面建设小康社会背景下建设的林场；③和谐林场是以生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好为特征，以国有林场价值高、林场职工福利好、森林资源丰富为标志的现代国有林场；④和谐林场的关键是要求林场与社会、林场与环境以及林场自身达到和谐，即"和谐林场"必须以满足国家与社会的需求为目的，在森林资源经营上，始终以维持与提高生物多样性、森林生态系统的健康与完整为中心，在林场内部形成以森林经营方案执行反馈机制为核心的利益均衡机制和学习共享机制，促进林场干部职工形成同志式互助关系。

The infamous L-Forests of Kerning City. These maps are well known for being a pain to navigate.

废弃都市的森林，也就是逆恩森林、废都森林众所周知逆恩森林是一个比较难走的地方

In the third chapter, the development path of the Chisese forest park was reviewed, the hidden trouble behind the forest park development was analyzed, the development direction of the Chisese forest park was pointed out. On this basis, considering the harm of the tourist peccancy and present situation of tourist peccancy management in forest park, the necessity and urgency of tourist peccancy management in forest park was expounded.

第三章简要回顾了中国森林公园的发展轨迹，分析了森林公园快速发展背后的隐患，指出了中国森林公园的发展方向，在此基础上，结合游客违章行为的危害及全国森林公园游客违章行为管理的现状，阐明了森林公园游客违章行为管理的必要性与紧迫性。

Arriving at scores of every forest park and the sort of landscape environmental quality of every Forest Park, pointed out the problem that existed in landscape construction and raised constructive comment for futural task of landscape construction.

分别得出了各森林公园在景色质量、视觉吸收力和景观敏感水平三个方面的评价得分，并且采用景观质量分数这一概念来衡量各森林公园的综合景观环境质量，得出了各森林公园的景观环境质量等级，并指出了各森林公园景观建设中存在的问题，为森林公园的开发建设提供了科学的依据。

From intergrating model the general forest ecological economic structure classified by equal interval analysis spatial heterogenicity of the forest ecological benefit economic structure to create money gross of GIS spatial graphic distribution and statistics histogram, described the ecological benefit, and dynamics analyse the forest ecological benefits in last ninty years.

从广义森林生态效益经济结构汇总模型出发、按等间隔的分类标准作出森林生态效益货币总量的GIS空间分布图及其统计直方图，进行森林生态效益经济结构的空间异质性分析，划分黑龙江省森林生态效益的主产区，进行了森林生态效益的跨度近90年的动态分析。

The national forest park was first established in China in 1982, with the purpose of meeting recreation opportunities, protecting ecological environment and fores biodiversity, and serving as a base of scientific research and outdoor education.

为满足人们的游憩愿望、保护森林生态环境和生物多样性、提供科研和教学实践基地，我国于八十年代初开始兴建森林公园，至2000年底，已建国家森林公园345处，推动了森林旅游业的发展。

It is also an important index to reflect forest quality and ecological situation.

森林自然度反映现实森林类型与地带性原始顶极森林类型的差异程度，是反映森林质量和生态状况的一项重要指标。

Consequently, to evaluate forest sustainability of a certain region becomes important in sustainable forestry and sustainable development. Forest carrying capacity is an important and key index in evaluating forest sustainability, premise of forest management and decision-making, and an essential component of the theories in sustainable forestry and forest management and forest ecosystem.

因此，如何评价一个确定区域的森林是否可持续便成为可持续林业、可持续发展研究中亟待解决的重要问题，而森林承载力是森林可持续性评价中的一个重要的关键的指标，是制定和实施区域可持续林业发展规划、战略的前提，是区域森林经营管理决策的依据，同时它也是可持续林业理论的重要组成部分，是森林经营管理理论和森林生态学中的一个全新内容。

Adopting methods such as PRA interview,field survey and forest sample plot survey, the forest traditional culture of deity mountain in Gaoligong mountain area was investigated.

应用参与性农村快速评估、田野调查及森林样地调查等方法，对神山森林传统进行了调查研究，结果表明，高黎贡山普遍存在传统的村社防护林、传统的村社水源林、汉族的风水林、护寺林、傈僳族的神山、傣族的龙山、傣族的色树、勒墨人祭天场周围的森林等形式多样的神山森林，作为传统生态伦理的主要载体，高黎贡山地区广泛存在的神山森林传统在该地区的生物多样性保护中起着重要的作用，神山森林还可以提供多种非木质林产品，实现多种生态功能，促进生物资源的合理利用。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。